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Expanding arsenal against diabetes mellitus through nanoformulations loaded with glimepiride and simvastatin: A comparative study

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common and life-threatening diseases found across the globe. It occurs due to insulin resistance (IR). Major causes of IR include obesity, sedentary life style and hyperlipidemia. Glimepiride (GLM) is one of the most common oral sulphonyl ureas that is being used to treat diabetes and Simvastatin (SIM) is one of the most common statins that is used to treat hyperlipidaemia. However, both the drugs suffer from dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability. Hence, the aim of present study was to develop two different nanoformulations viz. nanosuspension and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and evaluate their potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus on streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats. In the present study two such drugs, GLM and SIM were co-formulated into nanosuspension (NS) as well as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (L-SNEDDS). Both formulations were spray dried for solidification and evaluated for their antidiabetic potential against high fat diet and streptozotocin induced rat model. The study showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in lipid/cholesterol and blood glucose levels and significant increase in antioxidant levels in the rats treated with NS and SNEDDS containing the drugs alone as well as their combination as compared to their unprocessed forms. However, the efficacy was more prominent in case of combination possibly due to dual benefits i.e., decrease in IR due to statin and control of blood glucose level. Among NS and SNEDDS, NS was found more efficacious than that of the SNEDDS possibly due to higher enhancement of oral bioavailability in case of NS.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Central Instrumentation Facility, Lovely Professional University for providing necessary support in terms of sample analysis using sophisticated instruments such as DSC, PXRD, SEM and HPLC.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India

    Narendra Kumar Pandey, Sachin Kumar Singh, Bimlesh Kumar, Monica Gulati, Sukriti Vishwas & Rubiya Khursheed

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India

    Harish Dureja

  3. School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Dinesh Kumar Chellappan

  4. Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India

    Niraj Kumar Jha, Ankur Sharma & Saurabh Kumar Jha

  5. Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot no. 32 - 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Piyush Kumar Gupta

  6. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India

    Saurabh Gupta

  7. School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, 302017, Jaipur, India

    Gaurav Gupta

  8. Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    Gaurav Gupta

  9. Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India

    Parteek Prasher

  10. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Kamal Dua

  11. Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Sachin Kumar Singh, Monica Gulati & Kamal Dua

Authors
  1. Narendra Kumar Pandey
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  2. Sachin Kumar Singh
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  3. Bimlesh Kumar
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  4. Monica Gulati
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  5. Sukriti Vishwas
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  6. Rubiya Khursheed
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  7. Harish Dureja
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  8. Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
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  9. Niraj Kumar Jha
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  10. Ankur Sharma
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  11. Saurabh Kumar Jha
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  12. Piyush Kumar Gupta
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  13. Saurabh Gupta
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  14. Gaurav Gupta
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  15. Parteek Prasher
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  16. Kamal Dua
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Contributions

Narendra Kumar Pandey: Methodology, Data Curation and Writing – original draft.

Sachin Kumar Singh: Conceptualization, Validation, Supervision and Writing—review & editing.

Bimlesh Kumar: Methodology.

Monica Gulati: Review & editing.

Sukriti Vishwas: Review & editing

Rubiya Khursheed: Review & editing.

Harish Dureja: Methodology.

Dinesh Kumar Chellappan: Methodology.

Niraj Kumar Jha: Methodology.

Ankur Sharma: Methodology.

Saurabh Kumar Jha: Methodology.

Piyush Kumar Gupta: Methodology.

Saurabh Gupta: Methodology.

Gaurav Gupta: Methodology.

Parteek Prasher: Methodology.

Kamal Dua: Review & editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sachin Kumar Singh.

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Pandey, N.K., Singh, S.K., Kumar, B. et al. Expanding arsenal against diabetes mellitus through nanoformulations loaded with glimepiride and simvastatin: A comparative study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 51976–51988 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19371-z

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