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Chemical remediation and advanced oxidation process of polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated soils: a review

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A Correction to this article was published on 02 February 2022

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Abstract

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic organic compounds ubiquitously distributed worldwide due to their persistence, long-range atmospheric transport, and bioaccumulation. Owing to teratogenic properties, PCBs are a global environmental problem. Different physical, biological, and chemical techniques are utilized for the remediation of PCBs. This review paper discusses the recent development in photocatalytic and chemical techniques for the remediation of PCBs in contaminated soils. In particular, the photocatalytic degradation of PCBs combined with soil washing, Fe-based reductive dichlorination, and advanced oxidation process (Fenton advance oxidation and persulfate oxidation) is discussed and reviewed in detail. The review suggested that advanced oxidation is an efficient remediation technique with 77–99% of removal efficiency of PCBs. Persulfate oxidation is the most suitable technique which could work at normal environmental conditions (such as pH, temperature, soil organic matter (SOM), etc.). Different environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and SOM affect the Fe-based reductive dechlorination and Fenton advance oxidation techniques. The surfactants and organic solvents used in soil washing combined with photocatalytic degradation affect the degradation capability of these techniques. This review will contribute to PCBs degradation by the detailed discussion of development in chemical technique future perspective and research needs.

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This is a review paper based on the previous published papers. Table data was generated based on the papers cited and used in the review papers. Figures were redrawn and properly acknowledged.

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Funding

Higher Education Commission of Pakistan NRPU projects 7958 and 7964. Thanks to the Pakistan Science Foundation project PSF/Res/CP/C-CUI/Envr (151) for providing the funding. Furthermore, thanks are due to the Pakistan Academy of Sciences project 3–9/PAS/98 for funding. Shams Ur Rehman was working as a Research Assistant under Higher Education Commission of Pakistan NRPU projects 7958.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi & Muhammad Kaleem

  2. Pakistan Academy of Science, 3-Constitution Avenue Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  3. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan

    Umar Farooq

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China

    Xiaomei Su

  5. Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Paromita Chakraborty & Shams Ur Rehman

Authors
  1. Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
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  2. Muhammad Kaleem
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  3. Umar Farooq
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  4. Xiaomei Su
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  5. Paromita Chakraborty
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  6. Shams Ur Rehman
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Contributions

Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi developed idea and wrote the paper. Muhammad Kalim, Xiaomei Su, Paromita Chakraborty, Umar Farooq, and Shams Ur Rehman revised and wrote some parts of paper.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi.

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Hashmi, M.Z., Kaleem, M., Farooq, U. et al. Chemical remediation and advanced oxidation process of polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated soils: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 22930–22945 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18668-3

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