Abstract
Extreme climatic events are considered one of the main consequences of climate change. In the Pampas region, Argentina, an intensification of rainfall is expected during the periods of maximum agrochemical application. This study assesses the main factors determining the zooplankton community attributes in three streams belonging to the agricultural Pampas region, Argentina, and the effect of rainfall and seasonal crop practices on the zooplankton community composition. Sampling campaigns were performed before and after three rainfall events during two seasonal crop practices: (1) soybean chemical fallow-sowing and corn vegetative growth-flowering, (2) soybean vegetative growth-grain filling and corn sowing. The runoff in agricultural areas affected the zooplankton community attributes and composition. The biological oxygen demand, turbidity, and conductivity were the main water quality variables affecting the zooplankton community attributes. The increase of these variables after rainfall or during pre-emergence crop practices favoured the zooplankton groups most tolerant to eutrophication such as Bdelloidea, Chydoridae, Moinidae, and Sididae. Factors such as rainfall and seasonal crop practices must be considered in environmental monitoring design.
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Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The pesticide concentrations data set is available from Andrade et al. (2021).
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Acknowledgements
We thank M.S. Piacenza and C. De Bonis (INALI-CONICET-UNL) for their assistance during sampling campaigns. We also thank L. Regaldo (Lab. de Ecotoxicología, FHUC, UNL) and M.R. Repetti (Facultad de Ingeniería Química, UNL) for the pesticide data.
Funding
This work was supported by Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Research Project CAI + D Orientado 2017: 1–11, PI: A.M. Gagneten) and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Research Project PICT 2016–1605, PI: M.F. Gutierrez). The founding institutions had no incidence in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the report.
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VSA: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, and writing — original draft. MFG: conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, and writing — review and editing. AMG: conceptualization, methodology, project administration, supervision, funding acquisition, and writing — review and editing.
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Andrade, V.S., Gutierrez, M.F. & Gagneten, A.M. Effect of rainfall runoff from agricultural areas and seasonal crop practices on zooplankton community in Pampean streams, Argentina. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 41713–41724 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18417-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18417-y