Abstract
White mold of sunflower caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease that causes serious yield losses. Selenium (Se) helps plants resist stress. In this study, the resistance of sunflower to S. sclerotiorum was improved after foliar application of selenite. Selenite sprayed on leaves can be absorbed by sunflowers and transformed to selenomethionine. Consequently, sunflowers treated with Se exhibited a delay in lesion development with decrease by 54% compared to mock inoculation at 36-h post inoculation (hpi). In addition, treatment with Se compromised the adverse effects caused by S. sclerotiorum infection by balancing the regulation of genes involved in redox homeostasis. In particular, cat expression on leaves treated with Se increased to 2.5-fold to alleviate the downregulation caused by S. sclerotiorum infection at 12 hpi. Additionally, apx expression on leaves treated with Se decreased by 36% to alleviate the upregulation caused by S. sclerotiorum infection at 24 hpi, whereas expressions of gpx, pox, and nox on leaves treated with Se also successively decreased by approximately 40–60% to alleviate the upregulation caused by S. sclerotiorum infection at 24 and 36 hpi, respectively. The use of Se also enhanced the regulation of genes involved in hormones signaling pathways, in which expressions of AOC and PAL increased to 2.0- and 1.5-fold, respectively, to enhance the upregulation caused by S. sclerotiorum infection at 12 hpi, whereas expressions of AOC and PDF1.2 increased to 2.7- and 1.8-fold at 24 hpi, respectively. In addition, EIN2 expression on leaves treated with Se increased to 1.8-, 2.0-, and 1.5-fold to alleviate the downregulation caused by S. sclerotiorum infection. These results suggest that Se can improve sunflower defense responses against S. sclerotiorum infection aiming a sustainable white mold management.
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This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303106), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470531), LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807242), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Introduced Talents of Shenyang Agricultural University (20153040).
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YG and YL: Conceived and designed the experiments; ZC, HS, TH, and ZW: Performed the experiments; ZC, YL, and YG: Analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; YG, YL, and WW: Revised and improved the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Chen, Z., Sun, H., Hu, T. et al. Sunflower resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is potentiated by selenium through regulation of redox homeostasis and hormones signaling pathways. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 38097–38109 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18125-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18125-7