Abstract
Climate change is an important environmental issue that is causing global temperatures to rise. The primary environmental targets are to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. The refrigeration system is a major emitter of greenhouse gases because it uses refrigerants with a high global warming potential. Due to its excellent thermophysical properties, the R134a is the most commonly used refrigerant in refrigeration systems; however, its high GWP will need to be disposed of earlier. To achieve global environmental objectives, conventional refrigerants need to be replaced with environmentally friendly and energy-efficient refrigerants. In the present work, a mathematical simulation has been carried out to check the performance of low-GWP refrigerant mixtures as environmentally friendly alternatives for R134a in a low-temperature system. In this study, a 190-L domestic refrigerator has been considered a low-temperature system. This simulation was performed using the MATLAB software, and the REFPROP database was used to obtain thermophysical properties of the refrigerants. The results showed that the COP of HFO mixtures decreased by 4–20% compared to R134a. The exergy efficiency of the R1234ze/R134a mixture improves by 4 to 16% as compared to the other mixtures and its performance is very similar to the R134a. Due to the environmentally friendly properties and flammability aspects, R1234ze/R134a (90/10) could be a good substitute for R134a in lower temperature applications and to satisfy the Montreal and Kyoto Protocol expectations.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during this work are not publicly available; however, they are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- A:
-
area (m2)
- C:
-
coefficient
- COP:
-
coefficient of performance
- D:
-
coil mean diameter (m)
- F:
-
empirical constant
- G:
-
mass flux (kg m -2 s -1)
- GWP:
-
global warming potential
- h:
-
specific enthalpy (J kg-1)
- L:
-
length (m)
- ṁ:
-
mass flow rate (kg s-1)
- Mo:
-
molecular weight (g kmol-1)
- n:
-
polytropic index
- Nu:
-
Nusselt number
- P:
-
pressure (kPa)
- Pr:
-
Prandtl number
- Q:
-
heat (J)
- Ra:
-
Rayleigh number
- Re:
-
Reynolds number
- t:
-
time (s)
- T:
-
temperature
- TEWI:
-
total equivalent warming impact
- V:
-
volume (m3)
- W:
-
work (W)
- X:
-
refrigerant quality
- ω :
-
angular velocity (rad s-1)
- μ:
-
dynamic viscosity (Pa s)
- ψ :
-
exergy (J/kg)
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Teaching and Non-Teaching faculties on the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, for providing sufficient facilities to carry out this research work.
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Saji Raveendran Padmavathy handled conceptualization, methodology, and data collection. Murugan Paradesi Chockalingam was responsible for writing, reviewing, and final editing of the manuscript. Godwin Glivin was responsible for data analysis and preliminary paper writing, while Nithyanandhan Kamaraj was in control of result interpretation. Venkatesh Thangaraj aided in the analysis and editing of the manuscript. The methodology and data gathering were the responsibility of Bharathiraja Moorthy. The final manuscript was read and approved by all of the authors.
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Padmavathy, S.R., Chockalingam, M.P., Kamaraj, N. et al. Performance studies of low GWP refrigerants as environmental alternatives for R134a in low-temperature applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 85945–85954 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15875-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15875-2