Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most produced nanoproducts due to their unique biocide properties. The natural organic matter has an important impact on nanoparticle’s dispersion as it may alter their fate and transport, as well as their bioavailability and toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mitigatory effect of humic acids (HAs) on AgNP toxicity. For this purpose, we carried out an ex vivo exposure of gill of Piaractus mesopotamicus fish to 100 μg L−1 of AgNPs or AgNO3, alone and in combination with 10 mg L−1 of HAs. In parallel, a complete AgNP characterization in the media, including the presence of HAs, was provided, and the Ag+ release was measured. We analyzed Ag bioaccumulation, antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, and reduced glutathione levels in fish tissue. Our results indicated the Ag+ release from AgNPs decreased 28% when the HAs were present in the media. The Ag accumulation in gill tissue exposed to AgNPs alone was higher than the AgNO3 exposure, and sixfold higher than the treatment with the HA addition. Moreover, after both Ag forms, the catalase enzyme augmented its activity. However, those responses were mitigated when the HAs were present in the media. Then, our results suggested the mitigation by HAs under the exposure to both Ag forms, providing valuable information about the fate and behavior of this emergent pollutant.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors thank Gerardo López (Nanotek S.A.) for providing the nanosilver stock solution.
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Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CAID-UNL), CONICET, and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica PICT 2018-01271.
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AA: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, writing (original draft, review, and editing). JG: methodology, writing (review and editing). MM: methodology. FT: methodology, supervision, resources, writing (review and editing). MD: methodology, supervision, resources, writing (review and editing). JC: conceptualization, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, resources, writing (review and editing).
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Ale, A., Galdopórpora, J.M., Mora, M.C. et al. Mitigation of silver nanoparticle toxicity by humic acids in gills of Piaractus mesopotamicus fish. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 31659–31669 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12590-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12590-w