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Magnetic nanocomposites for sustainable water purification—a comprehensive review

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Abstract

Numerous contaminants in huge amounts are discharged to the environment from various anthropogenic activities. Waterbodies are one of the major receivers of these contaminants. The contaminated water can pose serious threats to humans and animals, by distrubing the ecosystem. In treating the contaminated water, adsorption processes have attained significant maturity due to lower cost, easy operation and environmental friendliness. The adsorption process uses various adsorbent materials and some of emerging adsorbent materials include carbon- and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites. These hybrid magnetic nanocomposites have attained extensive applications in water treatment technologies due to their magnetic properties as well as combination of unique characteristics of organic and inorganic elements. Carbon- and polymer-related magnetic nanocomposites are more adapted materials for the removal of various kinds of contaminants from waterbodies. These nanocomposites can be produced via different approaches such as filling, pulse-laser irradiation, ball milling, and electro-spinning. This comprehensive review is compiled by reviewing published work of last the latest recent 3 years. The review article extensively focuses on different approaches for producing various carbon- and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites, their merits and demerits and applications for sustainable water purification. More specifically, use of carbon- and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites for removal of heavy metal ions and dyes is discussed in detail, critically analyzed and compared with other technologies. In addition, commercial viability in terms of regeneration of adsorbents is also reviewed. Furthermore, the future challenges and prospects in employing magnetic nanocomposites for contaminant removal from various water sources are presented.

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Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledged Curtin University for constantly providing research support through the Curtin Malaysia Graduate School and Research and Development Office.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Ahsan Mehmood, Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak & Yie Hua Tan

  2. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam

    Rama Rao Karri

  3. Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Khalid

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Rashmi Walvekar

  5. Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ezzat Chan Abdullah

  6. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia

    Sabzoi Nizamuddin

  7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan

    Shaukat Ali Mazari

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  1. Ahsan Mehmood
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Contributions

A.M., F.S.A.K., N.M.M., Y.H.T., R.R.K., M.K., R.W., E.C.A., S.N., and S.A.M. contributed to review article writing.

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Mehmood, A., Khan, F.S.A., Mubarak, N.M. et al. Magnetic nanocomposites for sustainable water purification—a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 19563–19588 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12589-3

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