Abstract
The present work emphasizes the development of a generic methodology that addresses the core issue of any running chemical plant, i.e., how to maintain a delicate balance between profit and environmental impact. Here, ethylene oxide (EO) production plant has been taken as a case study. The production of EO takes place in a multiphase catalytic reactor, the reliable first principle-based model of which is still not available in the literature. Artificial neural network (ANN) was therefore applied to develop a data-driven model of the complex reactor with the help of actual industrial data. The model successfully built up a correlation between the catalyst selectivity and other operational parameters. This model was used to establish two objective functions, profit and environmental impact. In this paper, the negative environmental impact has been designated by Eco-indicator 99, which considers all the negative health and environmental impacts of a certain product. A recently developed metaheuristic optimization technique, namely multi-objective firefly (MOF) algorithm, was used to develop Pareto diagram of profit vs. Eco-99. The Pareto diagram will help the plant engineers to make strategy on what operating conditions to be maintained to make a delicate balance between profit and environmental impact. It was also found that by applying this modeling and optimization technique, for a 130 kTA EO plant, approximately 7048 t/year of carbon dioxide can be saved from emission into the atmosphere.
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Data availability
The calculated datasets and codes in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request but the original datasets received from industry are not available for sharing as per the secrecy agreement.
Abbreviations
- f 1 :
-
hidden layer activation function
- f 2 :
-
output layer activation function
- \( {w}_{pq}^o\kern0.5em \) :
-
output layer weights
- \( {w}_{np}^H\kern0.5em \) :
-
hidden layer weights
- b p :
-
hidden layer biases
- b q :
-
output layer biases
- r :
-
distance between two fireflies
- β 0 :
-
brightness at r = 0
- γ :
-
coefficient of absorption
- ψ(x):
-
weighted combination of the two objective functions
- w 1 and w 2 :
-
weights
- \( P{\mathrm{best}}_{\ast}^t \) :
-
The best solution in multi-objective firefly algorithm
- R 2 :
-
coefficient of determination
- AEP:
-
average error percentage
- RMSE:
-
root mean square error
- y pred,i :
-
predicted output derived from model
- y exp,i :
-
actual output
- N :
-
total number of datasets
- ∆Eco:
-
change of Eco-99 per dollar change of profit
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Sandip Kumar Lahiri: conceptualization, supervision. Somnath Chowdhury: analysis, writing, Abhiram Hens: validation. Kartik Chandra Ghanta: review, editing
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Lahiri, S.K., Chowdhury, S., Hens, A. et al. Modeling and multi-objective optimization of commercial ethylene oxide reactor to strike a delicate balance between profit and negative environmental impact. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 20035–20047 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12504-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12504-w