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Effects of biochar on nitrification and denitrification-mediated N2O emissions and the associated microbial community in an agricultural soil

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Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas, and it is of great significance for N2O reduction to study the effects of biochar on its production pathway. In this research, the contributions and mechanisms of biochar on autotrophic nitrification (ANF), heterotrophic nitrification (HNF), and denitrification (DF) to N2O emissions were studied by using 15N stable isotopes and high-throughput sequencing after laboratory incubation. The results showed that biochar addition at 2% (B2) significantly reduced the N2O emissions from the ANF by an average of 20.6%, while adding 5% biochar (B5) had no significant effect on the ANF. Both B2 and B5 significantly reduced the N2O emissions from the HNF by 15.7% and 13.2%, respectively, and reduced the N2O emissions from the DF by 40.9% and 11.7%, respectively. B2 enhanced the relative contribution rate of the ANF to N2O emissions by 6.3%, while B5 had little effect on it. Biochar addition significantly changed the copy numbers of the AOA and AOB, as well as the nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes, but it had no significant effect on the community composition of the AOA and had minimal effect on the AOB community. B2 significantly increased the abundance of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK type denitrifiers and had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ type denitrifiers. These results revealed that the inhibitory effects of biochar on N2O emissions from nitrification might be attributed to the direct immobilization and adsorption of inorganic N by biochar and to its promotion of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK-type denitrifiers and the genera Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ-type denitrifiers. The soil exchangeable NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations were the primary factors affecting the N2O emission rates. These results help to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of biochar on N2O production pathways in agricultural soil.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41773090) for financial support.

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The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41773090).

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  1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Xingren Liu, Yulong Shi, Qingwen Zhang & Guichun Li

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LXR planned and designed research; SYL and ZQW conducted experiments; SYL and LGC conducted chemical analysis; LXR and SYL conducted statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Liu, X., Shi, Y., Zhang, Q. et al. Effects of biochar on nitrification and denitrification-mediated N2O emissions and the associated microbial community in an agricultural soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6649–6663 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10928-4

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