Abstract
Indoor air quality in museums and historical buildings is of great concern for curators, since it can be a source of various alterations on artworks. In spite of their importance, very few studies study simultaneously the concentration of main gaseous pollutants, the composition of suspended (PM), and deposited (DPM) particulate matter. The aim of this article is to carry out a first environmental assessment in French museums or monuments. Three sites representative of contrasting environments (urban, marine, semi-rural) have been selected: the Cluny Museum (Paris), the Villa Kérylos (Beaulieu-sur-Mer), and the Château de Fontainebleau. The main results show that the input of terrigenous particles (calcite, clay) due to the surrounding restoration works dominates in Cluny; the external environment (O3, RH, and marine particles) influences the interior atmosphere of the Villa Kérylos and the deliquescence of the deposited salts; against all expectations, anthropogenic particles (mascagnite and soot) are largely dominant in Fontainebleau. They are emitted in winter, when the warm, pulsating air gets dirty as it passes through the old heating ducts. This research shows the importance of particle mixtures in the environmental signature of the sites. These mixtures must be taken into account in order to reproduce indoor atmospheres in simulation chambers to achieve realistic artificial aging. This study also makes it possible to target the sources of pollution on which to act.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Sylvain Triquet for his help with the ion chromatography analyses. They are also particularly grateful to Béatrice de Chancel-Bardelot (Cluny Museum), Vincent Cochet (Château de Fontainebleau), Christophe Niedziocha, and Caroline Bahuau (Centre des Monuments Nationaux / Villa Kérylos). By opening the doors of their monuments and allowing the authors to visit, set monitoring devices, and collect samples, they made this study possible. This work was supported by the Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur (DRAC PACA), Etablissement Public château de Fontainebleau and Direction Générale des Patrimoines (DGP) - Ministère de la Culture.
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AC and SA supervised the study. AC and PU performed sampling and on-site manipulation. PU wrote the manuscript. AC, SA, and MD revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Uring, P., Chabas, A., Alfaro, S. et al. Assessment of indoor air quality for a better preventive conservation of some French museums and monuments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 42850–42867 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10257-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10257-6