Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to investigate the strengthened remediation effect and relevant mechanism of P. aeruginosa on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for soil contaminated by Cu-Pb-Cd compound heavy metals. The results showed that the complex heavy metals’ contamination had remarkable inhibiting effect on the growth of plants (P < 0.01), and the biomass of ryegrass’s stem and leaves declined by 28.2%, while that of roots decreased by 34.7% after 45 days. The inoculation of P. aeruginosa promoted the growth of ryegrass in polluted soil, in which the biomass recovered to the same level of that in normal plant; the activity of both catalase and urease in the soil also increased strikingly (by 29.3% and 75.7%, respectively); the ratio of residual heavy metals in the soil decreased, while the acid extractable heavy metals increased notably. Therefore, the absorption and accumulation of ryegrass to the heavy metals in soil were improved to some extent; the bioconcentration factor of Cu, Pb, and Cd in ryegrass increased by 35.9%, 55.6%, and 283.5%, respectively. The exterior microorganism allowed the accumulation of Cu, Pb, and Cd in shoots of ryegrass increasing remarkably, while in roots, only the accumulation of Pb increased by 16.3%, and that of both Cu and Cd decreased. Besides, in the P. aeruginosa-inoculated system, the transfer factor of Cu and Cd in plants increased strikingly, while that of Pb decreased.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arienzo M, Adamo P, Cozzolino V (2004) The potential of Lolium perenne for revegetation of contaminated soil from a metallurgical site. Sci Total Environ 319:13–25
Asad SA, Farooq M, Afzal A, West H (2019) Integrated phytobial heavy metal remediation strategies for a sustainable clean environment - a review. Chemosphere 217:925–941
Asilian E, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Ronaghi A, Sepehri M, Niazi A (2019) Chemical-and microbial-enhanced phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated calcareous soil by maize. Toxicol Ind Health 35(5):378–386
Chen LH, Hu XW, Yang WQ et al (2017) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi inoculation on absorption of Pb and Cd in females and males of Populus deltoides when exposed to Pb and Cd pollution. Acta Sci Circumst 37(1):308–317
China Geological Survey. Report on geochemical survey of cultivated land in China [EB/OL]. [2015-06-25]. http://www.cgs.gov.cn/xwl/ddyw/ 201603/t20160309_302254.html
Ciarkowska K (2018) Assessment of heavy metal pollution risks and enzyme activity of meadow soils in urban area under tourism load: a case study from Zakopane (Poland). Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(14):13709–13718
Cui J, Wang WQ, Peng Y, Zhou F, He D, Wang J, Chang Y, Yang J, Zhou J, Wang W, Yao D, du F, Liu X, Zhao H (2019) Effects of simulated Cd deposition on soil Cd availability, microbial response, and crop Cd uptake in the passivation-remediation process of Cd-contaminated purple soil. Sci Total Environ 683:782–792
DalCorso G, Fasani E, Manara A, Visioli G, Furini A (2019) Heavy metal pollutions: state of the art and innovation in phytoremediation. Int J Mol Sci 20(14):3412–3429
Dell’amico E, Cavalca L, Andreoni V (2008) Improvement of Brassica napus growth under cadmium stress by cadmium-resistant rhizobacteria. Soil Biol Biochem 40:74–84
Eissa MA, Negim OE (2018) Heavy metals uptake and translocation by lettuce and spinach grown on a metal-contaminated soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 14(4):1097–1107
Hrynkiewicz K, Zloch M, Kowalkowski T et al (2018) Efficiency of microbially assisted phytoremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. Environ Rev 26(3):316–332
Li ZG, Luo YM, Teng Y (2008) Research methods of soil environmental microorganism. Science Press, Beijing
Li YP, Yin H, Ye JS et al (2012) Effects of exogenous microorganisms on speciations of cadmium and microbial diversity in soil. CIESC Journal 63(6):1850–1858
Liu L, Li JW, Yue FX, Yan X, Wang F, Bloszies S, Wang Y (2018) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and biochar amendment on maize growth, cadmium uptake and soil cadmium speciation in Cd-contaminated soil. Chemosphere 194:495–503
Lou Y, Luo H, Hu T, Li H, Fu J (2013) Toxic effects, uptake, and translocation of Cd and Pb in perennial ryegrass. Ecotoxicology 22:207–214
Ma CH (2019) Effects of ryegrass on the remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metal cadmium in farmland. Modern Agricultural Sci and Technol 03:148–152
Meng QF, Yang JS, Yao RJ et al (2012) Influence of single and combined pollutions of heavy metal on soil enzyme activity. Ecology and Environ Sci 21(3):545–550
Muthusaravanan S, Sivarajasekar N, Vivek JS, Paramasivan T, Naushad M, Prakashmaran J, Gayathri V, al-Duaij OK (2018) Phytoremediation of heavy metals: mechanisms, methods and enhancements. Environ Chem Lett 16(4):1339–1359
Ndeddy Aka RJ, Babalola OO (2016) Effect of bacterial inoculation of strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, alcaligenes feacalis and bacillus subtilis on germination, growth and heavy metal (cd, cr, and ni) uptake of brassica juncea. Int J Phytoremediation 18(2):200–209
Pan P, Lei M, Qiao PW, Zhou G, Wan X, Chen T (2019) Potential of indigenous plant species for phytoremediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soil in the Baoshan mining area, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(23):23583–23592
Rajkumar M, Prasad MNV, Freitas H (2009) Biotechnological applications of serpentine soil bacteria for phytoremediation of trace metals. Crit Rev Biotechnol 29:120–130
Rauret G, Lopez-Snchez JF, Sahuquillo A et al (1999) Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials. J Environ Monit 1(1):57–61
Rizvi A, Khan MS (2017) Biotoxic impact of heavy metals on growth, oxidative stress and morphological changes in root structure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and stress alleviation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CPSB1. Chemosphere 185:942–952
Sheng XF, Xia JJ (2006) Improvement of rape (Brassica napus) plant growth and cadmium uptake by cadmium-resistant bacteria. Chemosphere 64:1036–1042
Si JT, Tian BG, Wang HT et al (2006) Assessing availability, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of lead to ryegrass and millet based on 0.1 mol/L Ca(NO3)2 extraction. J Environ Sci-China 18:958–963
Xiao R, Ali A, Wang P, Li R, Tian X, Zhang Z (2019) Comparison of the feasibility of different washing solutions for combined soil washing and phytoremediation for the detoxification of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in contaminated soil. Chemosphere 230:510–518
Yang XO, Feng Y, He ZL, Stoffella PJ (2005) Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 18:339–353
Yang LF, Zeng Q, Li H-B et al (2011) Measurement of catalese activity in soil by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Chinese J Soil Sci 42(1):207–210
Zhang XL, Zou W, Zhou QX (2015) Competence of Cd phytoremediation in Cd-OCDF co-contamination soil using Mirabilis jalapa L. Environ Sci 36(8):3045–3055
Zhu JF, Li MH, Xie PJ et al (2018) Phytoremediation of single and combined pollution of Cu and Pb by Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, and Pennisetum alopecuroides. Chin J Eco-Agric 26(2):303–313
Funding
This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41807142), Suzhou technology office program (SS201723), and the Foundation of the Suzhou University of Science and Technology (XKZ2017008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shi, Gy., Yan, Yj., Yu, Zq. et al. Modification-bioremediation of copper, lead, and cadmium-contaminated soil by combined ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 37668–37676 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09846-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09846-2