Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of fermented horse manure (HM) over vermicompost (VC), bamboo biochar (BB), and fly ash (FA) in suppressing Cd accumulation in rice plants and further to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HM. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the Cd concentration in rice tissues after the application of amendments to different Cd-contaminated soils. Chemical properties of root Fe plaque and pore water were also determined, including the amount of Fe in Fe plaque, and the changes in redox potential (Eh) and concentration of Cd and Fe in pore water with cultivation time. The results showed that HM was the most effective of all amendments in suppressing Cd accumulation in rice (by at least 57%), and the effect increased with the application rate. Furthermore, the application of HM can decrease the concentration of Cd in soil pore water and promote the formation of root Fe plaque (a barrier to prevent Cd uptake by rice plants) by decreasing the Eh and increasing the Fe concentration in pore water. The decrease in Cd concentration in soil pore water and the increase in root Fe plaque were the main reasons for the considerable reduction in the uptake and accumulation of Cd in rice plants by HM.
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Abbreviations
- VC:
-
Vermicompost
- HM:
-
Horse manure
- BB:
-
Bamboo biochar
- FA:
-
Fly ash
- CEC:
-
Cation exchange capacity
- Eh:
-
Redox potential
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Funding
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41977147), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2016JJ5017), the Foundation of Hunan Province Education Office (Grant No. 17B067), the Hunan Province College Students Research Learning and Innovative Experiment Project (Grant No. HNDC1805), the National College Students Innovation Training Program (Grant No. 201811528004), and the Hunan Institute of Technology Research Project (Grant No. HY15039).
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Yang, L., Fan, L., Huang, B. et al. Efficiency and mechanisms of fermented horse manure, vermicompost, bamboo biochar, and fly ash on Cd accumulation in rice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 27859–27869 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09150-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09150-z