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Liminal presence of exo-microbes inoculating coconut endosperm waste to enhance black soldier fly larval protein and lipid

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Abstract

The anaerobic decomposition of coconut endosperm waste (CEW), residue derived from cooking, has been insidiously spewing greenhouse gasses. Thus, the bioconversion of CEW via in situ fermentation by exo-microbes from commercial Rid-X and subsequent valorization by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was the primary objective of the current study to gain sustainable larval lipid and protein. Accordingly, various concentrations of exo-microbes were separately homogenized with CEW to perform fermentation amidst feeding to BSFL. It was found that 2.50% of exo-microbes was the threshold amount entailed to assuage competition between exo-microbes and BSFL for common nutrients. The presence of remnant nutrients exuded from the fermentation using 2.50% of exo-microbes was confirmed to promote BSFL growth measured as maximum larval weight gained and growth rate. Although the BSFL could accumulate the highest protein (16 mg/larva) upon feeding with CEW containing 2.50% of exo-microbes, more lipid (13 mg/larva) was stored in employing 0.10% of exo-microbes because of minimum loss to metabolic processes while prolonging the BSFL in its 5th instar stage.

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Funding

Financial supports from Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS via YUTP-FRG with the cost center of 015LC0-126, Ministry of Education Malaysia under HICoE with the cost center of 015MA0-052, and The Murata Science Foundation with the cost center of 015ME0-104 are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

    Sabrina Hasnol, Jun Wei Lim & Chung Yiin Wong

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

    Man Kee Lam

  3. School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

    Seteno K. O. Ntwampe

Authors
  1. Sabrina Hasnol
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  2. Jun Wei Lim
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  3. Chung Yiin Wong
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  4. Man Kee Lam
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  5. Seteno K. O. Ntwampe
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Correspondence to Jun Wei Lim.

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Hasnol, S., Lim, J.W., Wong, C.Y. et al. Liminal presence of exo-microbes inoculating coconut endosperm waste to enhance black soldier fly larval protein and lipid. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 24574–24581 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2

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