Abstract
Faster spread of epidemics has turned local concerns into global crises; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is being considered a major threat to public health in the twenty-first century. Antibiotic misuse plays a great role in accelerated AMR; thus, understanding and discussing consumption patterns has been a trend topic over the past years. Developing countries, such as Brazil, have high growth rates in antibiotic consumption, potentially impacting global environmental safety. This study presents the compiled information from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) on antibiotic dispensation across the country and maps the consumption trends between the years of 2013 and 2016. The most consumed substances were beta-lactams (amoxicillin and cephalexin) and macrolides (azithromycin). National relative growth consumption in the mentioned period was 18%. At the local level, growth of consumption ranged from 4 to 85%, with rampage growth concentrated in the North and Northeast regions. Brazilian laws, such as restriction of over-the-counter sales and mandatory report on dispensation, seem to have little effect on the national antibiotic consumption growth. This phenomenon growth is still elevated if compared with developed countries, demonstrating the need for further surveillance as well as coordinated efforts aiming at antibiotic use and AMR prevention.
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Acknowledgments
We thank ANVISA for the concession of the data used in this research. Also the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Foundation of Support Research of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and the Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (FINEP) for the structure to support the research and the authors. We thank the Environmental Engineering Graduate Program of UFOP (ProAmb - UFOP) and the Minas Gerais’ Multicenter Graduate Program on Chemistry (PPGMQ-MG) to which the authors are members.
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Support for the research and the authors were provided by the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Foundation of Support Research of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and the Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (FINEP).
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Neves e Castro, P.B., da Silva Rodrigues, D.A., Roeser, H.M.P. et al. Antibiotic consumption in developing countries defies global commitments: an overview on Brazilian growth in consumption. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 21013–21020 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08574-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08574-x