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Characteristics, speciation, and bioavailability of mercury and methylmercury impacted by an abandoned coal gangue in southwestern China

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Abstract

During coal mining activities, a lot of coal gangue is produced, which usually contains high mercury (Hg) concentrations as well as the acid mine drainage (AMD) generator of pyrite. In the present study, the total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in gangue, water, sediment, paddy soil, and rice samples, collected from abandoned coal mining areas, were analyzed. Results showed that the THg concentrations ranged from 0.37 to 35 mg/kg (11 ± 8.4 mg/kg) and 0.15 to 19 mg/kg (2.0 ± 3.9 mg/kg) in gangue and sediments, respectively. For paddy soils, the THg concentrations and MeHg varied from 0.16 to 0.91 mg/kg and 0.71 to 11 ng/g, respectively. Rice samples exhibited wide concentration ranges of THg (3.0–22 ng/g) and MeHg (0.71–8.9 ng/g). Sequential extraction of Hg revealed that the nitric acid-extractable state Hg (F4) was the dominant Hg species in gangue and sediment, while humic acids state Hg (F3) was the dominant form in paddy soil. Compared with gangue, higher percentages of F3 and the residual state Hg (F5) in both sediment and soil samples implied the transformation of F4 to F3 and F5 during transportation. Soil n-HAs (the difference between the total organic carbon and humic acids) were positively correlated with both THg and MeHg in soil and rice, indicating that n-HAs enhance Hg bioavailability under acidic conditions. Further studies should be conducted to reveal the factors influencing the transformation of different Hg fractions, providing ideas on decreasing the bioavailability of Hg in coal mining areas.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge and appreciate Dr. Yong Meng who conducted the XRD analysis.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation-Guizhou Provincial People’s Government Karst Science Research Center project, Environmental Pollution Processes of Heavy Metals in Karst Terrain and Control Mechanism (No. U1612442), and Chinese National Science Foundation (No. 41463008).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Longchao Liang & Pan Wu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Longchao Liang, Xiaohang Xu, Jialiang Han, Zhidong Xu, Jianyang Guo & Guangle Qiu

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xiaohang Xu & Zhidong Xu

  4. Key laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Pan Wu

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  1. Longchao Liang
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Correspondence to Pan Wu.

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Liang, L., Xu, X., Han, J. et al. Characteristics, speciation, and bioavailability of mercury and methylmercury impacted by an abandoned coal gangue in southwestern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 37001–37011 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06775-7

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