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The potential applications of picotechnology in biomedical and environmental sciences

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Abstract

Picotechnology development in vast disciplines is mainly attributed to the research and development (R and D) on nanotechnology. Being a parent technology, nanotechnology is the cornerstone of picotechnology. Like nanotechnology, the reference standard for picotechnology is nature, the cellular and subcellular functioning. Some studies have highlighted that the functional margin of similar type of molecules at picoscale (10−12) goes higher than at nanoscale (10−9). In this review, the potential applications of picotechnology have been evaluated especially in the disciplines of biomedical and environmental sciences. Extended surface area and improved electrical, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties make picotechnological products even better than nanomaterials. The fundamental objective of this study is to bring the attention of the scientific world towards the picoscale interventions and to highlight the wide scope of picotechnology as a newly emerging technology with applications in numerous sectors. Picotechnology has made it possible to measure very small structure in advance biomedical and environmental sciences studies. Adequate developments in picotechnology will certainly change human lives in near future because it will make possible for the research world to dive into systems and structures on picoscale. It will render a platform through which explorers can travel into ultra-small areas, which will lead to the creation of new dimensions as well as new opportunities. Eventually, in future, the picotechnology will become smaller enough to give birth to femtotechnology (10−15) in real-world applications.

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Abbreviations

BS:

Biotin-streptavidin

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

Gold-PPs:

Gold picoparticles

EU:

Electroacupuncture

MTs:

Microtubules

PM:

Picomolecules

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Zeeshan Qasim

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan

    Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Wajid Nasim & Faiz Rabbani

  3. Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada

    Farhat Abbas

  4. Department of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Shafqat Saeed

  5. University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Sub-Campus Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan

    Wajid Farhad

  6. Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad

  7. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China

    Shah Fahad

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  1. Muhammad Zeeshan Qasim
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  7. Wajid Farhad
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Correspondence to Hafiz Mohkum Hammad or Shah Fahad.

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Qasim, M.Z., Hammad, H.M., Abbas, F. et al. The potential applications of picotechnology in biomedical and environmental sciences. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 133–142 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06554-4

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