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GMCs stabilized/solidified Pb/Zn contaminated soil under different curing temperature: leachability and durability

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Abstract

In this study, the impact of the curing temperature on leaching behaviour and durability of GGBS-MgO-CaO (GMC)-stabilized/GMC-solidified Pb/Zn-contaminated clay soils was investigated. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test, wetting-drying cycles, freeze-thaw cycles and unconfined compression strength (UCS) test were carried out. The influence of curing temperature, binder dosage and curing time on the performance of these samples was investigated. The results show that the leachability and the durability of all samples were improved by increasing curing temperature, curing time and binder dosage. GMCs are more functional in immobilizing Pb compared with Zn, especially in immobilizing high Pb–contaminated soils. The mass loss and Pb/Zn leachability of all samples increased, while their strength decreased after cyclic wetting-drying and cyclic freeze-thaw. Furthermore, curing at 21 °C and 45 °C, the freeze-thaw resistance of 10% GMC-treated soil (GMC10) was found better than that of 10% Portland cement–treated soil (PC10). After 10 cycles of wetting-drying, GMC10 is more chemically stable than PC10.

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Funding

This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 51608113) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2242019K40211) and a Ph.D. studentship from China Scholarship Council for the second author. The third author would like to thank the Killam Trusts of Canada for kindly providing the Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Postdoctoral Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

    Fei Wang & Hao Pan

  2. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK

    Yunhui Zhang & Abir Al-Tabbaa

  3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Zhengtao Shen

  4. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China

    Jian Xu

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  1. Fei Wang
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  2. Yunhui Zhang
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  3. Zhengtao Shen
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  4. Hao Pan
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  5. Jian Xu
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  6. Abir Al-Tabbaa
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Correspondence to Fei Wang or Jian Xu.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Shen, Z. et al. GMCs stabilized/solidified Pb/Zn contaminated soil under different curing temperature: leachability and durability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 26963–26971 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05894-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05894-5

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