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Clean application of magnetic biomaterial for the removal of As (III) from water

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Abstract

Magnetite-coated pine cone biomass was successfully synthesized, characterized, and its interaction with As (III) in water evaluated in order to apply it as an efficient adsorbent. Transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and imaging studies revealed that spherical magnetite particles were evenly distributed over the pine cone surface. Adsorption studies showed that the optimum pH of As (III) adsorption was 8 and that Fe (III) leaching was negligible at this pH. The optimum Fe3O4:pine cone ratio for As (III) removal was 2.0 g Fe3O4:1.5 g pine cone with adsorption capacity of 13.86 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model best fitted the kinetic data with activation energy of adsorption was calculated to be 23.78 kJ/mol. The Langmuir isotherm described the equilibrium data best while the values of Dubinin–Radushkevich mean free energy suggests anion-exchange process. Increasing ionic strength slightly increased As (III) capacity of MNP-PCP from 13.86 to 17.82 mg/g at optimum solution pH of 8, but As (III) adsorption reduced by \( {\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} \)anions and humic acid due to competition. Adsorption mechanism was confirmed with evidence from FTIR, XPS, pHPZC, and \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} \) replacement by As (III) adsorption onto the \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} \)-loaded composite.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosorption and Wastewater Treatment Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, P. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa

    Agnes Pholosi, Bobby E. Naidoo & Augustine E. Ofomaja

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  1. Agnes Pholosi
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  2. Bobby E. Naidoo
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  3. Augustine E. Ofomaja
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Correspondence to Augustine E. Ofomaja.

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Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr

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Pholosi, A., Naidoo, B.E. & Ofomaja, A.E. Clean application of magnetic biomaterial for the removal of As (III) from water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 30348–30365 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2990-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2990-2

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