Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization in the performance and emission parameters of a DI diesel engine fuelled with pentanol added Calophyllum inophyllum/diesel blends using response surface methodology

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The primary objective of this work was to enhance the performance and emission of the computerized variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine fuelled with pentanol/Calophyllum inophyllum (CI)/diesel fuel blends. Based on the prerequisite for the current research, response surface methodology (RSM), an optimization technique, was adopted for the process parameters compression ratio (CR), load and fuel blends, and the optimized responses like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke were revealed with the help of Derringer’s desirability approach. From the results, it is notified that pentanol-fuelled engine showed better performance and emissions at 17.5 CR, P20C20 (pentanol 20%+Calophyllum inophyllum 20%+diesel 60%) blend and 2.5 bmep (brake mean effective pressure) load conditions. The observed mathematical models and validation experiments show that the VCR diesel engine exhibits maximum efficiency and minimum emissions at the optimized input parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CI :

Calophyllum inophyllum

DI :

Direct injection

CO :

Carbon monoxide

CO 2 :

Carbon dioxide

NO x :

Oxides of nitrogen

NO :

Nitric oxide

HC :

Hydrocarbon

VCR :

Variable compression ratio

P10C20 :

Pentanol 10%+Calophyllum inophyllum 20%+diesel 70%

P15C20 :

Pentanol 15%+Calophyllum inophyllum 20%+diesel 65%

P20C20 :

Pentanol 20%+Calophyllum inophyllum 20%+diesel 60%

CI20:

Calophyllum inophyllum 20%+diesel 80%

BTE :

Brake thermal efficiency

BSFC :

Brake specific fuel consumption

bmep :

Brake mean effective pressure

CR :

Compression ratio

MDS:

Modular diagnostic system

RSM:

Response surface methodology

ANN:

Artificial neural network

DOE:

Design of experiments

References

  • Anand K, Sharma RP, Mehta PS (2011) Experimental investigation on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of neat karanji biodiesel and its methanol blend in a diesel engine. Biomass Bioenergy 35:533–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bharadwaz YD, Rao BG, Rao VD, Anusha C (2016) Improvement of biodiesel methanol blends performance in a variable compression ratio engine using response surface methodology. Alexandria Engineering Journal 55:1201–1209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bora JB, Saha UK (2016) Optimisation of injection timing and compression ratio of a raw biogas powered dual fuel diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 92:111–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bora JB, Saha UK, Chatterjee S, Veer V (2014) Effect of compression ratio on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel diesel engine run on raw biogas. Energy Convers Manag 87:1000–1009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Yu W, Li Q, Huang Z (2012a) Effects of n-butanol addition on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged common-rail diesel engine. https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0852

  • Chen Z, Liu J, Han Z, Du B, Liu Y, Lee C (2012b) Study on performance and emissions of a passenger-car diesel engine fueled with butanol/diesel blends. Energy 55:638–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary AK, Chelladurai H, Kannan C (2015) Optimization of combustion performance of bioethanol (water hyacinth) diesel blends on diesel engine using response surface methodology. Arab J Sci Eng 40:3675–3695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1810-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhingra S, Bhushan G, Dubey KK (2014) Multiobjective optimization of combustion, performance and emission parameters in a jatropha biodiesel engine using non dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Front Mech Eng 9:81–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eugene EE, Bechtold RL, Timbario TJ, McCallum PW (1984) State-of the-art report on the use of alcohols in diesel engines. SAE paper no.840118

  • Fattah IR, Kalam M, Masjuki H, Wakil M (2014) Biodiesel production, characterization, engine performance, and emission characteristics of Malaysian Alexandrian laurel oil. RSC Adv 4:17787–17796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganapathy T, Gakkhar RP, Murugesan K (2011) Optimization of performance parameters of diesel engine with Jatropha biodiesel using response surface methodology. International Journal of Sustainable Energy 30:S76–S90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2011.594889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giakoumis EG, Rakopoulos CD, Dimaratos AM, Rakopoulos DC (2013) Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 17:170–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirkude JB, Padalkar AS (2014) Performance optimization of CI engine fuelled with waste fried oil methyl ester-diesel blend using response surface methodology. Fuel 119:266–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ileri E, Karaoglan D, Atmanli A (2013) Response surface methodology based prediction of engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with canola oil methylester. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 5(033132):1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Imtenan S, Masjuki H, Varman M, Kalam MA, Arbab MI, Sajjad H, Rahman SMA (2014) Impact of oxygenated additives to palm and jatropha biodiesel blends in the context of performance and emissions characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 83:149–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kassaby MEL, Nemitallah MA (2013) Studying the effect of compression ratio on an engine fueled with waste oil produced biodiesel/diesel fuel. Alexandria Engineering Journal 52:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kesgin U (2004) Genetic algorithm and artificial neural network for engine optimization of efficiency and NOx emission. Fuel 8:885–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kocak MS, Ileri E, Utlu Z (2007) Experimental study of emission parameters of biodiesel fuels obtained from canola, hazelnut, and waste cooking oils. Energy Fuel 21:3622–3626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lapuerta M, Armas O, Herreros JM (2008) Emissions from a diesel–bioethanol blend in an automotive diesel engine. Fuel 87:25–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lapuerta M, Contreras RG, Fernández JC, Dorado MP (2010) Stability, lubricity, viscosity, and cold-flow properties of alcohol-diesel blends. Energy Fuel 24:4497–4502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Namvar AM, Soltanieh M, Rashidi A, Irandoukht A (2008) Modeling and preparation of activated carbon for methane storage I. Modeling of activated carbon characteristics with neural networks and response surface method. Energy Convers Manag 49:2471–2477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pamnani R, Vasudevan M, Vasantharaja P, Jayakumar T (2015) Optimization of AGTAW welding parameters for naval steel (DMR 249 A) by design of experiments approach. Proc Inst Mech Eng L J Mater Design Appl 231:320–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420715596455. 12 pp

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandian M, Sivapirakasam SP, Udayakumar M (2011) Investigation on the effect of injection system parameters on performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder compression ignition direct injection engine fuelled with pongamia biodiesel-diesel blend using response surface methodology. Appl Energy 88:2663–2676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi DH, Lee CF, Jia CC, Wang PP, Wu ST (2014) Experimental investigations of combustion and emission characteristics of rapeseed oil–diesel blends in a two cylinder agricultural diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 77:227–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rakopoulos DC, Rakopoulos CD, Giakoumis EG, Dimaratos AM, Kyritsis DC (2010) Effects of butanol-diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 5:1989–1997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramakrishnan P, Kasimani R, Peer MS, Rajamohan S (2018) Assessment of n-pentanol/Calophyllum inophyllum/diesel blends on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a constant-speed variable compression ratio direct injection diesel engine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1566-5

  • Sahin Z, Aksu ON (2015) Experimental investigation of the effects of using low ratio n-butanol/diesel fuel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a turbocharged DI diesel engine. Renew Energy 77:279–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakthivel R, Ramesh K (2018) Analytical characterization of products obtained from slow pyrolysis of Calophyllum inophyllum seed cake: study on performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine fuelled with bio-oil blends. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1241-x

  • Sakthivel R, Ramesh K, Purnachandran R, Shameer PM (2018) A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:2970–2992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayin C, Ertunc HM, Hosoz M, Kilicaslan I, Canakci M (2007) Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine using artificial neural network. Appl Therm Eng 27:46–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shameer PM, Ramesh K (2017a) Assessment on the consequences of injection timing and injection pressure on combustion characteristics of sustainable biodiesel fuelled engine. Renew Sust Energ Rev 81:45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.048

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shameer PM, Ramesh K (2017b) FTIR assessment and investigation of synthetic antioxidant on the fuel stability of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel. Fuel 209:411–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shameer PM, Ramesh K (2017c) Influence of antioxidants on fuel stability of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and RSM-based optimization of engine characteristics at varying injection timing and compression ratio. Journal of Brazilian Society of Mechanical sciences and technology 39(11):4251–4273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0884-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shameer PM, Ramesh K (2017d) FTIR evaluation on the fuel stability of calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel: influence of tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidant. J Mech Sci Technol 31:3611–3617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shameer PM, Ramesh K (2017e) Study on clean technology-assisted combustion behavior and NOx emission using thermal imager for alternate fuel blends. Int J Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1353-8

  • Shameer PM, Ramesh K, Sakthivel R, Purnachandran R (2016) Assessment on the influence of compression ratio on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6:344–372. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.01297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma A, Murugan S (2015) Potential for using a tyre pyrolysis oil-biodiesel blend in a diesel engine at different compression ratios. Energy Convers Manag 93:289–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh Y, Masjuki H, Kalam M, Amalina M, How H (2013) Impact of waste cooking oil biodiesel on performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics in a light-duty diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2679

  • Win Z, Gakkhar RP, Jain SC, Bhattacharya M (2005) Parameter optimization of a diesel engine to reduce noise, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions using response surface methodology. Journal of Automobile Engineering 219:1181–1192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Yin B, Liu S, Jia H (2017) Performance optimization of diesel engine fueled with diesel–jatropha curcas biodiesel blend using response surface methodology. J Mech Sci Technol 31:4051–4059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao M, Wang H, Zheng Z, Yue Y (2010) Experimental study of n-butanol additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel 89(9):2191–2201

  • Yilmaz N, Atmanli A (2017) Experimental evaluation of a diesel engine running on the blends of diesel and pentanol as a next generation higher alcohol. Fuel 210:75–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz N, Sanchez TM (2012) Analysis of operating a diesel engine on biodiesel–ethanol and biodiesel–methanol blends. Energy 46:126–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz N, Atmanli A, Trujillo M (2017) Influence of 1-pentanol additive on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with waste oil methyl ester and diesel fuel. Fuel 207:461–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZH, Balasubramanian R (2016) Investigation of particulate emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with higher alcohols/biodiesel blends. Appl Energy 163:71–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Scholar, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India

    Purnachandran Ramakrishnan

  2. Dindigul, India

    Purnachandran Ramakrishnan

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India

    Ramesh Kasimani

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, VV College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, 627657, India

    Mohamed Shameer Peer

Authors
  1. Purnachandran Ramakrishnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ramesh Kasimani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed Shameer Peer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ramakrishnan, P., Kasimani, R. & Peer, M.S. Optimization in the performance and emission parameters of a DI diesel engine fuelled with pentanol added Calophyllum inophyllum/diesel blends using response surface methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 29115–29128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2867-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2867-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation