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Assessment of n-pentanol/Calophyllum inophyllum/diesel blends on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a constant-speed variable compression ratio direct injection diesel engine

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Abstract

Alcohol is used as an additive for a long time with the petroleum-based fuels. In this study, the higher alcohol, n-pentanol, was used as an additive to Calophyllum inophyllum (CI) biodiesel/diesel blends at 10, 15, and 20% by volume. In all blends, the ratio of CI was maintained at 20% by volume. The engine characteristics of the pentanol fuel blends were compared with the diesel and CI20 (Calophyllum inophyllum 20% and diesel 80%) biodiesel blend. The nitrogen oxide (NO) emission of the pentanol fuel blends showed an increased value than CI20 and neat diesel fuel. The carbon dioxide (CO2) also increased with increase in pentanol addition with the fuel blends than CI20 fuel blend and diesel. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were decreased with increase in pentanol proportion in the blend than the CI20 fuel and diesel. The smoke emission was reduced and the combustion characteristics of the engine were also improved by using pentanol blended fuels. From this investigation, it is suggested that 20% pentanol addition with the biodiesel/diesel fuel is suitable for improved performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine without any engine modifications, whereas CO2 and NO emissions increased with addition of pentanol due to effective combustion.

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Abbreviations

CI:

Calophyllum inophyllum

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

DI:

Direct injection

mbpd:

Million barrels per day

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

NO:

Nitrogen oxide

NO x :

Oxides of nitrogen

HC:

Hydrocarbon

HCHO:

Formaldehyde

THC:

Total hydrocarbon

VCR:

Variable compression ratio

D100:

Neat diesel fuel

CI20:

Calophyllum inophyllum 20% + diesel 80%

P10C20:

Pentanol 10% + Calophyllum inophyllum 20% + diesel 70%

P15C20:

Pentanol 15% + Calophyllum inophyllum 20% + diesel 65%

P20C20:

Pentanol 20% + Calophyllum inophyllum 20% + diesel 60%

CN:

Cetane number

CV:

Calorific value

LHV:

Lower heating value

CRDI:

Common rail direct injection

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

bmep:

Brake mean effective pressure

HRR:

Heat release rate

PC:

Premixed combustion

CR:

Compression ratio

CR16:

Compression ratio 16:1

CR17:

Compression ratio 17:1

CR18:

Compression ratio 18:1

MDS:

Modular diagnostic system

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Scholar, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India

    Purnachandran Ramakrishnan & Sakthivel Rajamohan

  2. Dindigul, India

    Purnachandran Ramakrishnan

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India

    Ramesh Kasimani

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, VV College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, 627657, India

    Mohamed Shameer Peer

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  1. Purnachandran Ramakrishnan
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  2. Ramesh Kasimani
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  3. Mohamed Shameer Peer
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  4. Sakthivel Rajamohan
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Ramakrishnan, P., Kasimani, R., Peer, M.S. et al. Assessment of n-pentanol/Calophyllum inophyllum/diesel blends on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a constant-speed variable compression ratio direct injection diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 13731–13744 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1566-5

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