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Evaluation of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics in a diesel engine using isobutanol— Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel—diesel ternary blends

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Abstract

The availability of natural energy resources and the environmental issues are the most significant issues that are often highlighted by the world communities. With regard to these problems, isobutanol is a higher chain alcohol with four carbons which can be derived from biomass resources and it is potential to become an alternative fuel source besides the biodiesel for a diesel engine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of isobutanol with Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester and diesel as the ternary blend on physicochemical properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics. Five different fuel blends containing Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and isobutanol were tested on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine at different engine load of brake mean effective pressure. The physicochemical properties of the fuel blends were measured and then compared with neat diesel. The results indicate that the blend containing isobutanol and CIME gives a slight increase in BSEC and EGT and a minimal drop in BTE as compared to that of neat diesel. Besides that, the tested blends show a reduction of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Meanwhile, all the fuel blends show a minimal increase in carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions, compared to that of neat diesel. Isobutanol can be proved as a preferred substitute for biodiesel and diesel fuels to achieve desired engine performance and emissions level.

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Funding

This work received financial assistance from the University of Malaya through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) grant title: “Improvement of Diesel Engine Key Fuel Properties by Optimizing Alcohol – Biodiesel – Diesel Blend Ratio for Low Greenhouse Gas Emission” with Project no.: FP051-2015A, Project code: FRGS/1/2015/TK07/UM/01/1 and the University of Malaya Research Grant (UMRG Programme) – AET (Innovative Technology, ITRC) grant title: “Development of New Technologies for Electrical Discharge Machine for High Performance and Productivity” with Project no.: RP039C-15AET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Energy Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Azham Alwi, Nurin Wahidah Zulkifli, Nazatul Liana Sukiman, Ashraf Yusoff, Zulfattah Zakaria, Muhammad Jamshaid, Muhammad Harith Hasnul & Muhammad Syahir Amzar

  2. Centre for Advance Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

    Zulfattah Zakaria

Authors
  1. Azham Alwi
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  2. Nurin Wahidah Zulkifli
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  3. Nazatul Liana Sukiman
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  4. Ashraf Yusoff
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  5. Zulfattah Zakaria
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  6. Muhammad Jamshaid
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  7. Muhammad Harith Hasnul
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  8. Muhammad Syahir Amzar
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Correspondence to Azham Alwi or Nurin Wahidah Zulkifli.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Alwi, A., Zulkifli, N.W., Sukiman, N.L. et al. Evaluation of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics in a diesel engine using isobutanol— Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel—diesel ternary blends . Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 11815–11826 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04603-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04603-6

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