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Ozone risk assessment in three oak species as affected by soil water availability

  • Ozone and plant life: the Italian state-of-the-art
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Abstract

To derive ozone (O3) dose-response relationships for three European oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, and Quercus robur) under a range of soil water availability, an experiment was carried out with 2-year-old potted seedlings exposed to three levels of water availability in the soil and three levels of O3 pollution for one growing season in an ozone free-air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. Total biomass losses were estimated relative to a hypothetical clean air at the pre-industrial age, i.e., at 10 ppb as daily average (M24). A stomatal conductance model was parameterized with inputs from the three species for calculating the stomatal O3 flux. Exposure-based (M24, W126, and AOT40) and flux-based (phytotoxic O3 dose (POD)0–3) dose-response relationships were estimated and critical levels (CL) were calculated for a 5% decline of total biomass. Results show that water availability can significantly affect O3 risk assessment. In fact, dose-response relationships calculated per individual species at each water availability level resulted in very different CLs and best metrics. In a simplified approach where species were aggregated on the basis of their O3 sensitivity, the best metric was POD0.5, with a CL of 6.8 mmol m−2 for the less O3-sensitive species Q. ilex and Q. pubescens and of 3.5 mmol m−2 for the more O3-sensitive species Q. robur. The performance of POD0, however, was very similar to that of POD0.5, and thus a CL of 6.9 mmol m−2 POD0 and 3.6 mmol m−2 POD0 for the less and more O3-sensitive oak species may be also recommended. These CLs can be applied to oak ecosystems at variable water availability in the soil. We conclude that PODy is able to reconcile the effects of O3 and soil water availability on species-specific oak productivity.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Alessandro Materassi and Gianni Fasano for designing and maintaining the ozone FACE; Moreno Lazzara for support during the field work; Marcello Vitale for providing the Q. ilex seedlings; Giulia Carriero for help during the biomass assessment; the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (2013/7956), the LIFE15 ENV/IT/000183 project MOTTLES and Dr. Moura’s fellowship (FAPESP grant nos. 2014/13524-0 and 2014/23839-9) for financial support.

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  1. Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Yasutomo Hoshika & Elena Paoletti

  2. Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Barbara Moura

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  1. Yasutomo Hoshika
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Hoshika, Y., Moura, B. & Paoletti, E. Ozone risk assessment in three oak species as affected by soil water availability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 8125–8136 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9786-7

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