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Aquatic ecotoxicity of ashes from Brazilian savanna wildfires

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Abstract

In a global scenario of climate change, several studies have predicted an increase in fires in different parts of the world. With the occurrence of rains following the fires in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado biome), the compounds present in ashes may enter aquatic environments and cause adverse effects to these ecosystems. In this context, this study evaluated the potential toxicity of ashes from two areas of Cerrado and an area of pasture, through ecotoxicological bioassays and using three aquatic species from distinct trophic levels, which were exposed to different dilutions of ashes: the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia, the fish Danio rerio and the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata. The ashes from the three sampled areas showed higher concentrations of some elements in relation to the soil samples (B, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Si, Sr, Zn), but only a small quantity of these compounds was solubilised. Our data showed that all ash samples caused acute toxicity to C. dubia (48hs-LC50 = 13.4 g L−1; 48hs-LC50 = 6.33 g L−1; 48hs-LC50 = 9.73 g L−1 respectively for transition area, pasture, typical cerrado areas), while in relation to D. rerio and B. glabrata, no acute toxicity was observed when they were exposed to ashes from native Cerrado vegetation and pasture areas. Ashes from a transition area showed toxicity for D. rerio (48hs-LC50 = 25.0 g L−1); possibly, this was due to the combination of multiple preponderant inorganic elements of ashes with other organic compounds not analysed, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In summary, these results suggest that wildfires may pose risks to zooplankton communities and emphasize the need for more studies to better understand the complexity of the ecological effects of fire on aquatic ecosystems.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), under Research Grant No. 478637/2012-8. Águas Emendadas Ecological Station (ESEC-AE) and Embrapa Cerrados are acknowledged for permission to perform this study in their areas and facilities. We are grateful to Embrapa Cerrados for collaboration and technical support.

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  1. Embrapa Cerrados (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), Road BR-020, km 18, Planaltina, Federal District (DF), 73310-970, Brazil

    Darlan Q. Brito, Daphne H. F. Muniz & Eduardo C. Oliveira-Filho

  2. University of Brasília, Faculty UnB at Planaltina (FUP), Planaltina, Federal District (DF), 73345-010, Brazil

    Darlan Q. Brito, Carlos José S. Passos & Eduardo C. Oliveira-Filho

  3. Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), SEPN 707/907, Campus do UniCEUB, Asa Norte, Brasília (DF), 70790-075, Brazil

    Eduardo C. Oliveira-Filho

  4. Embrapa Cerrados (Laboratory of Ecotoxicology), Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 73310-970, Brazil

    Eduardo C. Oliveira-Filho

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  1. Darlan Q. Brito
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  2. Carlos José S. Passos
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  3. Daphne H. F. Muniz
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Brito, D.Q., Passos, C.J.S., Muniz, D.H.F. et al. Aquatic ecotoxicity of ashes from Brazilian savanna wildfires. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 19671–19682 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9578-0

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