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Investigating the nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the boundary layer by using multi-axis spectroscopic measurements and comparison with satellite observations

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Abstract

This study emphasizes on near surface observation of chemically active trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over Islamabad on a regular basis. Absorption spectroscopy using backscattered extraterrestrial light source technique was used to retrieve NO2 differential slant column densities (dSCDs). Mini multi-axis-differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument was used to perform ground-based measurements at Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan. Tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 were derived from measured dSCDs by using geometric air mass factor approach. A case study was conducted to identify the impact of different materials (glass, tinted glass, and acrylic sheet of various thicknesses used to cover the instrument) on the retrieval of dSCDs. Acrylic sheet of thickness 5 mm was found most viable option for casing material as it exhibited negligible impact in the visible wavelength range. Tropospheric NO2 VCD derived from ground-based mini MAX-DOAS measurements exceeded two times the Pak-NEQS levels and showed a reasonable comparison (r 2 = 0.65, r = 0.81) with satellite observations (root mean square bias of 39 %) over Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Acknowledgments

Authors gratefully acknowledge the TEMIS project for the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI instrument from their web page (www.temis.nland details) about the retrieval and error analyses. We do acknowledge the Level 2 OMI data downloaded from the NASA GES DISC website (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura) and the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) for providing access to MODIS Level 1, courtesy of the online Data Pool at the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access). Very special gratitude goes to MPI-Ch Mainz Germany for providing mini MAX-DOAS instrument and to Prof. Thomas Wagner for technical guidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 444000, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Fahim Khokhar, Munazza Nisar & Asma Noreen

  2. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

    Waseem Razzaq Khan & Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

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  1. Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
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  2. Munazza Nisar
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  3. Asma Noreen
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  4. Waseem Razzaq Khan
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  5. Khalid Rehman Hakeem
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Correspondence to Muhammad Fahim Khokhar or Khalid Rehman Hakeem.

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Khokhar, M.F., Nisar, M., Noreen, A. et al. Investigating the nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the boundary layer by using multi-axis spectroscopic measurements and comparison with satellite observations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 2827–2839 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7907-3

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