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Analyzing the role of soil and rice cadmium pollution on human renal dysfunction by correlation and path analysis

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of soil and rice pollution on human renal dysfunction. The participants were 97 inhabitants (46 men and 51 women) who are aged 50 to 60 years old and have been living in Xiaogan (Hubei, China) from birth. We collected samples of soil, rice, and urinary correspondingly. Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and β-2-microglobulin (β2MG) were used as indicators of renal dysfunction, and urinary cadmium (U-Cd) was used as indicator of total internal cadmium exposure. We made a hypothesis that soil cadmium concentration (S-Cd) and rice cadmium concentration (R-Cd) could be used as indicators of environmental cadmium exposure. Correlation and path analysis were used to estimate the relationships among the levels of rice cadmium (R-Cd), soil cadmium (S-Cd), urinary cadmium (U-Cd), and renal damage indicators (NAG and β2MG). Our results showed that there was positive significant relationship between S-Cd (R-Cd, U-Cd), and U-NAG (U-β2MG). The standard multiple regression describing the relationship between S-Cd (R-Cd, U-Cd) and U-NAG was Y1 = 1.26X1–6.53X2 + 9.32, where Y is U-NAG, X1 is U-Cd, X2 is S-Cd. The equation of U-β2MG was Y = 49.32X1 + 3085.99X2 + 143.42, where Y is U-β2MG, X1 is U-Cd, X2 is R-Cd. It is obvious that the effect of S-Cd and R-Cd on NAG or U-β2MG cannot be ignored. Through our study, we can find that the effects of S-Cd on renal health even as significant as R-Cd. To protect people from the damage of cadmium pollution, it is vital to monitor the situation of soil and rice cadmium pollution.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by Special Funds of the State Environmental Protection Public Welfare Industry (No. 201009049) and National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013BAI12B03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

    Hui-Fang Luo, Jie-Ying Zhang, Wen-Jing Jia, Feng-Min Ji, Qiong Yan, Qing Xu & Shen Ke

  2. Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Yang Si Hospital, Shanghai, 200126, People’s Republic of China

    Jin-Shan Ke

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  1. Hui-Fang Luo
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  2. Jie-Ying Zhang
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  3. Wen-Jing Jia
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  4. Feng-Min Ji
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  5. Qiong Yan
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  6. Qing Xu
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  7. Shen Ke
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Correspondence to Shen Ke or Jin-Shan Ke.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Hui-Fang Luo and Jie-Ying Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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Luo, HF., Zhang, JY., Jia, WJ. et al. Analyzing the role of soil and rice cadmium pollution on human renal dysfunction by correlation and path analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 2047–2054 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7845-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7845-0

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