Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High nitrogen deposition in an agricultural ecosystem of Shaanxi, China

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition plays an important role in the global N cycle. Data for dry and wet N deposition in agricultural ecosystem of Shaanxi in China is still imperfect; in this study, we continuously measured concentrations and fluxes of dry N deposition from 2010 to 2013 in Yangling district of Shaanxi province and wet N deposition from 2010 to 2012. The average annual concentrations of NH3, NO2, HNO3, particulate ammonium, and nitrate (pNH4 + and pNO3 −) varied among 3.9–9.1, 6.6–8.0, 1.2–1.4, 3.1–4.3, and 3.3–4.8 μg N m−3, respectively, with mean values of 6.0, 7.2, 1.3, 3.8, and 4.1 μg N m−3, respectively, during the entire monitoring period. The annual NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N concentrations in precipitation ranged 3.9-4.3 and 2.8-3.4 mg N L−1 with the mean values of 4.1 and 3.3 mg N L−1. The NH4 +-N/NO3 −-N ratio in rainfall averaged 1.2. Dry N deposition flux was determined to be 19.2 kg N ha−1 year−1 and the wet N deposition flux was 27.2 kg N ha−1 year−1. The amount of total atmospheric N deposition (dry plus wet) reached 46.4 kg N ha−1 year−1, in which dry deposition accounted 41 %. Gaseous N deposition comprised over 75 % of the dry deposition, and the proportion of oxidized N in dry deposition was equal to the reduced N. Therefore, the results suggest that more stringent regional air pollution control policies are required in the target area and that N deposition is an important nutrient resource from the atmosphere that must be taken into consideration in nutrient management planning of agricultural ecosystems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atkins DHF, Lee DS (1995) Spatial and temporal variation of rural nitrogen dioxide concentrations across the United Kingdom. Atmos Environ 29:223–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bey I, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Logan JA, Field BD, Fiore AM, Li QB, Liu HY, Mickley LJ, Schultz MG (2001) Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: model description and evaluation. J Geophys Res 106:23073–23095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwman AF, Van Vuuren DP, Derwent RG, Posch M (2002) A global analysis of acidification and eutrophication of terrestrial ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollut 141:349–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cai GX, Chen DL, Ding H, Pacholski A, Fan XH, Zhu ZL (2002) Nitrogen losses from fertilizers applied to maize, wheat and rice in the North China Plain. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 63:187–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark CM, Tilman D (2008) Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands. Nature 451:712–715

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell SE (2011) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: revisiting the question of the importance of the organic component. Environ Pollut 159:2214–2222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui J, Zhou J, Yang H (2010) Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen in dry deposition to a typical red soil agro-ecosystem in southeastern China. J Environ Monit 12:1287–1294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui J, Zhou J, Peng Y, He YQ, Yang H, Mao JD (2014) Atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen and sulfur to a typical red soil agroecosystem in Southeast China during the ten-year monsoon seasons (2003–2012). Atmos Environ 82:121–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dentener F, Drevet J, Lamarque JF, Bey I, Eickhout B, Fiore AM, Hauglustaine D, Hotowitz LW, Krol M, Kulshrestha UC, Lawrence M, Galy-Lacaux C, Rast S, Shindell D, Stevenson D, Van Noije T, Atherton C, Bell N, Bergman D, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins B, Doherty R, Ellingsen K, Galloway J, Gauss M, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Rodriguez J, Sanderson M, Solmon F, Strahan S, Schultz M, Sudo K, Szopa S, Wild O (2006) Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: a multimodel evaluation. Global Biogeochem Cy 20

  • Dong XY, Li J, Fu JS, Gao Y, Huang K, Zhuang GS (2014) Inorganic aerosols responses to emission changes in Yangtze River Delta, China. Sci Total Environ 481:522–532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du EZ, Jiang Y, Fang JY, de Vries W (2014) Inorganic nitrogen deposition in China’s forests: status and characteristics. Atmos Environ 98:474–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erisman JW, Van Pul A, Wyers P (1994) Parametrization of surface resistance for the quantification of atmospheric deposition of acidifying pollutants and ozone. Atmos Environ 28:2595–2607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erisman JW, Galloway J, Seitzinger S, Bleeker A, Butterbach-Bahl K (2011) Reactive nitrogen in the environment and its effect on climate change. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 3:281–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahey TJ, Williams CJ, Rooney-Varga JN, Cleveland C, Postek KM, Smith SD, Bouldin DR (1999) Nitrogen deposition in and around an intensive agricultural district in central New York. J Environ Qual 28:1585–1600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang YT, Zhu WX, Mo JM, Zhou GY, Gundersen P (2005) Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south China. J Environ Sci (China) 18:752–759

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang YT, Gundersen P, Mo JM, Zhu WX (2008) Input and output of dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen in subtropical forests of South China under high air pollution. Biogeosciences 5:339–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang YT, Yoh M, Koba K, Zhu WX, Takebayashi Y, Xiao YH, Lei CY, Mo JM, Zhang W, Lu XK (2011) Nitrogen deposition and forest nitrogen cycling along an urban–rural transect in southern China. Glob Chang Biol 17:872–885

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flechard CR, Nemitz E, Smith RI, Fowler D, Vermeulen AT, Bleeker A, Erisman JW, Simpson D, Zhang L, Tang YS, Sutton MA (2011) Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: a comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network. Atmos Chem Phys 11:2703–2728

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG, Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Seitzinger SP, Asner GP, Cleveland C, Green P, Holland E (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry 70:153–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway JN, Townsend AR, Erisman JW, Bekunda M, Cai Z, Freney JR, Martinelli LA, Seitzinger SP, Sutton MA (2008) Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320:889–892

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gromov SA, Ryaboshapko AG, Paramonov SG (2001) Dry deposition of atmospheric sulphur and nitrogen in Russia and the former USSR. Water Air Soil Pollut 130:589–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, Shen JL, Han WX, Zhang WF, Christie P, Goulding KWT, Vitousek PM, Zhang FS (2010) Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science 327:1008–1010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hara H, Kitamura M, Mori A, Noguchi I, Ohizumi T, Seto S, Takeuchi T, Deguchi T (1995) Precipitation chemistry in Japan 1989–1993. Water Air Soil Pollut 85:2307–2312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong YM, Lee BK, Park KJ, Kang MH, Jung YR, Lee DS, Kim MG (2002) Atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds for three sites of South Korea. Atmos Environ 36:3485–3494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ju XT, Xing GX, Chen XP, Zhang SL, Zhang LJ, Liu XJ, Cui ZL, Yin B, Christie P, Zhu ZL, Zhang FS (2009) Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:3041–3046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khoder MI (2002) Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area. Chemosphere 49:675–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larssen T, Duan L, Mulder J (2011) Deposition and leaching of sulfur, nitrogen and calcium in four forested catchments in China: implications for acidification. Environ Sci Technol 45:1192–1198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li SQ, Li SX (1999) Nitrogen added to ecosystems by wet deposition in Guanzhong area in Shaanxi. Agro-Environ Prot 18:97–101 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li SX, Cun DG, Gao YJ, He HX, Li SQ (1993) Mineral nitrogen introduced into soil by precipitation on Loess dry land. Agric Res Arid Areas 11:83–92 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li KH, Liu XJ, Song W, Chang YH, Hu YK, Tian CY (2013) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition at two sites in an arid environment of central Asia. Plos One 8:e67018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang T, Tong YA, Lin W, Qiao L, Liu XJ, Bai SC, Yang XL (2014a) Spaital–temporal variability of dry and wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen in different ecological regions of Shaanxi. Acta Ecol Sin 34:738–745 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang T, Tong YA, Liu XJ, Qiao L (2014b) Dynamics of atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition fluxes in Guanzhong Area, Shaanxi. J Agro-Environ Sci 33:2389–2394 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XJ, Ju XT, Zhang Y, He CE, Kopsch J, Zhang FS (2006) Nitrogen deposition in agroecosystems in the Beijing area. Agr Ecosyst Environ 113:370–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XJ, Duan L, Mo JM, Du EZ, Shen JL, Lu XK, Zhang Y, Zhou XB, He CE, Zhang FS (2011) Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China: an overview. Environ Pollut 159:2251–2264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XJ, Zhang Y, Han WX, Tang AH, Shen JL, Cui ZL, Vitousek P, Erisman JW, Goulding K, Christie P, Fangmeier A, Zhang FS (2013) Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China. Nature 494:459–462

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loubet B, Asman WAH, Theobald MR, Hertel O, Tang SY, Robin P, Hassouna M, Dämmgen U, Genermont S, Cellier P, Sutton MA (2008) Ammonia deposition near hot spots: processes, models and monitoring methods. In: Sutton MA, Reis S, Baker SMH (eds) Atmospheric ammonia: detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Springer, Netherlands, pp 205–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo XS, Liu P, Tang AH, Liu JY, Zong XY, Zhang Q, Kou CL, Zhang LJ, Fowler D, Fangmeier A, Christie P, Zhang FS, Liu XJ (2013) An evaluation of atmospheric Nr pollution and deposition in North China after the Beijing Olympics. Atmos Environ 74:209–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo XS, Tang AH, Shi K, Wu LH, Li WQ, Shi WQ, Shi XK, Erisman JW, Zhang FS, Liu XJ (2014) Chinese coastal seas are facing heavy atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Environ Res Lett 9:095007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins LD, da Silva Júnior CR, Solci MC, Pinto JP, Souza DZ, Vasconcellos P, Guarieiro ALN, Guarieiro LLN, Sousa ET, de Andrade JB (2012) Particle emission from heavy-duty engine fuelled with blended diesel and biodiesel. Environ Monit Assess 184:2663–2676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang Y, Wang TJ, Zhang Y, Hu ZY, Xu CK (2003) A method calculating dry deposition velocity of air pollutants and its application. J Nanjing Inst Meteorol 26:210–218 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan YP, Wang YS, Tang GQ, Wu D (2012) Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at ten sites in Northern China. Atmos Chem Phys 12:6515–6535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phoenix GK, Hicks WK, Cinderby S, Kuylenstiena JCI, Stock WD, Dentener FJ, Giller KE, Austin AT, Lefroy RDB, Gimeno BS (2006) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in world biodiversity hotspots: the need for a greater global perspective in assessing N deposition impacts. Global Chang Biol 12:470–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi JH, Shi JH, Gao HW, Sun Z (2013) Atmospheric dry and wet deposition of nitrogen species and its implication for primary productivity in coastal region of the Yellow Sea, China. Atmos Environ 81:600–608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richter A, Burrows JP, Nüß H, Granier C, Niemeier U (2005) Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space. Nature 437:129–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson A, Chapin FS, Lambin E, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, Nykvist B, de Wit CA, Hughes T, van der Leeuw S, Rodhe H, Sörlin S, Snyder PK, Costanza R, Svedin U, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Corell RW, Fabrty VJ, Hansen J, Walker B, Liverman D, Richardson K, Crutzen FJ (2009) Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecol Soc 14:32

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuner ET, Makeschin F (2005) Impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on carbon dynamics in two Scots pine forest soils of Northern Germany. Plant Soil 275:43–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwede D, Zhang LM, Vet R, Lear G (2011) An intercomparison of the deposition models used in the CASTNET and CAPMoN networks. Atmos Environ 45:1337–1346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen JL, Tang AH, Liu XJ, Fangmeier A, Goulding K, Zhang FS (2009) High concentrations and dry deposition of reactive nitrogen species at two sites in the North China Plain. Environ Pollut 157:3106–3113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen JL, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, Fangmeier A, Goulding K, Zhang FS (2011) Atmospheric ammonia and particulate ammonium from agricultural sources in the North China Plain. Atmos Environ 45:5033–5041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen JL, Li Y, Liu XJ, Luo XS, Tang H, Zhang YZ, Wu JS (2013) Atmospheric dry and wet nitrogen deposition on three contrasting land use types of an agricultural catchment in subtropical central China. Atmos Environ 67:415–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song YZ, Qin BQ, Yang LY, Hu WP, Luo LC (2005) Primary estimation of atmospheric wet deposition od nitrogen to aquatic ecosystem of Lake Taihu. J Lake Sci 17:226–230 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song L, Bao XM, Liu XJ, Zhang F (2012) Impact of nitrogen deposition on plant community in a semi-arid temperate steppe in China. J Arid Land 4:3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song W, Chang YH, Liu XJ, Li KH, Gong YM, He GX, Wang XL, Christie P, Zheng M, Dore AJ, Tian CY (2015) A multiyear assessment of air quality benefits from China’s emerging shale gas revolution: Urumqi as a case study. Environ Sci Technol Lett 49:2066–2072

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stelson AW, Seinfeld JH (1982) Relative humidity and temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate dissociation constant. Atmos Environ 16:983–992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens CJ, Dise NB, Mountford JO, Gowing DJ (2004) Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands. Science 303:1876–1879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang YS, Simmons I, van Dijk N, Di Marco C, Nemitz E, Dammgen U, Gilke K, Djuricic V, Vidic S, Gliha Z (2009) European scale application of atmospheric reactive nitrogen measurements in a low-cost approach to infer dry deposition fluxes. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133:183–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian Y, Haibara K, Chang SX, Toda H, Fang SZ (2013) Acid deposition strongly influenced element fluxes in a forested karst watershed in the upper Yangtze River region, China. For Ecol Manag 310:27–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turnipseed AA, Huey LG, Nemitz E, Stickel R, Higgs J, Tanner DJ, Slusher DL, Sparks JP, Flock F, Guenther A (2006) Eddy covariance fluxes of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs) and NOy to a coniferous forest. J Geophys Res 111:D09304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XY (2014) Study on characteristics of the temporal and spatial variation of nutrient resource utilization in Shaanxi Province. Northwest A&F University, 2015

  • Wang WX, Wang T (1995) On the origin and the trend of acid precipitation in China. Water Air Soil Pollut 85:2295–2300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XZ, Zhu JG, Gao R, Baochun JH (2004) Dynamics and ecological significance of nitrogen wet deposition in Taihu Lake region: taking Changshu agro-ecological experiment station as an example Chinese. J Appl Ecol 15:1616–1620 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang TJ, Liu Q, Zhao H, Zhou J, Fan JL (2008a) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in agroecosystem in red soil region of Jiangxi Province. Acta Pedol Sin 45:280–287 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Ren LH, Zhang YH, Chen JH, Liu HJ, Bao LF, Fan SJ, Tang DG (2008b) Aircraft measurements of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter over Pearl River Delta in China. Atmos Environ 42:6187–6202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZH, Zhang Y, Liu XJ, Tong YA, Qiao L, Lei XY (2008c) Dry and wet nitrogen deposition in agricultural soils in the Loess area. Acta Ecol Sin 28:3295–3301 (in Chinese)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei Y, Tong YA, Duan M, Qiao L, Tian HW, Lei XY, Ma WJ (2010a) Atmospheric dry and wet deposition in typical agricultural areas of North Shaanxi. Chin J Appl Ecol 21:255–259 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei Y, Tong YA, Qiao L, Liu XJ, Duan M, Li J (2010b) Preliminary estimate of the atmospheric nitrogen deposition in different ecological regions of Shaanxi Province. J Agro-Environ Sci 29:795–800 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wesely ML (1989) Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical-models. Atmos Enciron 23:1293–1304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitall DR, Paerl HW (2001) Spatiotemporal variability of wet atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. J Environ Qual 30:1508–1515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie HX (2012) Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of atmospheric environment in Shaanxi Province. J Anhui Agric Sci 40(9410–9411):9532 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu XL, Ouyang H, Cao GM, Pei ZY, Zhou CP (2004) Nitrogen deposition and carbon sequestration in alpine meadows. Biogeochemistry 71:353–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu W, Luo XS, Pan YP, Zhang L, Tang AH, Shen JL, Zhang Y, Li KH, Wu QH, Yang DW, Zhang YY, Xue J, Li WQ, Li QQ, Tang L, Lu SH, Liang T, Tong YA, Liu P, Zhang Q, Xiong ZQ, Shi XJ, Wu LH, Shi WQ, Tian K, Zhong XH, Shi K, Tang QY, Zhang LJ, Huang JL, He CE, Kuang FH, Zhu B, Liu H, Jin X, Xin YJ, Shi XK, Du EZ, Dore AJ, Tang S, Collett JL Jr, Goulding K, Zhang FS, Liu XJ (2015) Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a nationwide monitoring network across China. Atmos Chem Phys 15:12345–12360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LM, Gong SL, Padro J, Barrie L (2001) A size-segregated particle dry deposition scheme for an atmospheric aerosol module. Atmos Enciron 35:549–560

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Wang TJ, Hu ZY, Xu CK (2004) Temporal variety and spatial distribution of dry deposition velocities of typical air pollutants over different landuse types. Clim Environ Res 9:591–604 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Liu XJ, Zhang FS, Ju XT, Zhou GY, Hu KL (2006) Spatial and temporal variation of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in North China Plain. Acta Ecol Sin 26:1633–1639 (in Chinese)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang GS, Zhang J, Liu SM (2007) Characterization of nutrients in the atmospheric wet and dry deposition observed at the two monitoring sites over Yellow Sea and East China Sea. J Atmos Chem 57:41–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang FS, Wang JQ, Zhang WF, Cui ZL, Ma WQ, Chen XP, Jiang RF (2008a) Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin 45:915–924 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Liu XJ, Fangmeier A, Goulding KTW, Zhang FS (2008b) Nitrogen inputs and isotopes in precipitation in the North China Plain. Atmos Environ 42:1436–1448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Yu QL, Ma WC, Chen LM (2010) Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen to the eastern China seas and its implications to marine biogeochemistry. J Geophys Res: Atmos 115:D7

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, Tong YA, Guo JW, Zhang SL, Guo P (2011) Determination of reasonable nitrogen use and evaluation of application status in wheat/maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. J Northwest A&F Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 152:158–164 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Jacob DJ, Knipping EM, Kumar N, Munger JW, Carouge C, Van Donkelaar A, Wang YX, Chen D (2012a) Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes. Atmos Chem Phys 12:4539–4554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Song L, Liu XJ, Li WQ, Lü SH, Zheng LX, Bai ZC, Cai GY, Zhang FS (2012b) Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition in China. Atmos Environ 46:195–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng LX, Liu XJ, Zhang FS (2007) Atmospheric deposition of organic nitrogen: a review. Acta Ecol Sin 27:3828–3834 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu ZL (2008) Research on soil nitrogen in China. Acta Pedol Sin 45:778–783 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40675006, 40425007). We would like to thank Mr. Puhui Ji for his constructive comments and suggestions and Mr. Yimin Gao for helping us to draw the monitoring site distribution figure.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Ting Liang & Yan’an Tong

  2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Ting Liang & Yan’an Tong

  3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Xuejun Liu, Wen Xu, Xiaosheng Luo & Peter Christie

  4. Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Xiaosheng Luo

Authors
  1. Ting Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yan’an Tong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xuejun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wen Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiaosheng Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Peter Christie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yan’an Tong.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Gerhard Lammel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liang, T., Tong, Y., Liu, X. et al. High nitrogen deposition in an agricultural ecosystem of Shaanxi, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 13210–13221 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6374-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6374-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation