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Design of an optimized biomixture for the degradation of carbofuran based on pesticide removal and toxicity reduction of the matrix

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Abstract

Pesticide biopurification systems contain a biologically active matrix (biomixture) responsible for the accelerated elimination of pesticides in wastewaters derived from pest control in crop fields. Biomixtures have been typically prepared using the volumetric composition 50:25:25 (lignocellulosic substrate/humic component/soil); nonetheless, formal composition optimization has not been performed so far. Carbofuran is an insecticide/nematicide of high toxicity widely employed in developing countries. Therefore, the composition of a highly efficient biomixture (composed of coconut fiber, compost, and soil, FCS) for the removal of carbofuran was optimized by means of a central composite design and response surface methodology. The volumetric content of soil and the ratio coconut fiber/compost were used as the design variables. The performance of the biomixture was assayed by considering the elimination of carbofuran, the mineralization of 14C-carbofuran, and the residual toxicity of the matrix, as response variables. Based on the models, the optimal volumetric composition of the FCS biomixture consists of 45:13:42 (coconut fiber/compost/soil), which resulted in minimal residual toxicity and ∼99 % carbofuran elimination after 3 days. This optimized biomixture considerably differs from the standard 50:25:25 composition, which remarks the importance of assessing the performance of newly developed biomixtures during the design of biopurification systems.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica (projects 802-B2-046 and 802-B4-503), the Costa Rican Ministry of Science, Technology and Telecommunications, MICITT (project FI-093-13/802-B4-503), and the Joint FAO/IAEA project TC COS5/029.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica

    Juan Salvador Chin-Pampillo, Karla Ruiz-Hidalgo, Mario Masís-Mora, Elizabeth Carazo-Rojas & Carlos E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez

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  1. Juan Salvador Chin-Pampillo
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  2. Karla Ruiz-Hidalgo
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  3. Mario Masís-Mora
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  4. Elizabeth Carazo-Rojas
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  5. Carlos E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
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Correspondence to Carlos E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez.

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Responsible editor: Gerald Thouand

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Chin-Pampillo, J.S., Ruiz-Hidalgo, K., Masís-Mora, M. et al. Design of an optimized biomixture for the degradation of carbofuran based on pesticide removal and toxicity reduction of the matrix. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 19184–19193 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5093-3

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