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Investigations on sediment toxicity of German rivers applying a standardized bioassay battery

  • Danio rerio as a Model in Aquatic Toxicology and Sediment Research
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Abstract

River sediments may contain a huge variety of environmental contaminants and play a key role in the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems. Contaminants adsorbed to sediments and suspended solids may contribute directly or after remobilization to an adverse ecological and chemical status of surface water. In this subproject of the joint research project DanTox, acetonic Soxhlet extracts from three German river sediments from the River Rhine (Altrip and Ehrenbreitstein with moderate contamination) and River Elbe (Veringkanal Hamburg heavily contaminated) were prepared and redissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). These extracts were analyzed with a standard bioassay battery with organisms from different trophic levels (bacteria, algae, Daphnia, fish) as well as in the Ames test and the umuC test for bacterial mutagenicity and genotoxicity according to the respective OECD and ISO guidelines. In total, 0.01 % (standard) up to 0.25 % (only fish embryo test) of the DMSO sediment extract was dosed to the test systems resulting in maximum sediment equivalent concentrations (SEQ) of 2 up to 50 g l−1. The sediment of Veringkanal near Hamburg harbor was significantly more toxic in most tests compared to the sediment extracts from Altrip and Ehrenbreitstein from the River Rhine. The most toxic effect found for Veringkanal was in the algae test with an ErC50 (72 h) of 0.00226 g l−1 SEQ. Ehrenbreitstein and Altrip samples were about factor 1,000 less toxic. In the Daphnia, Lemna, and acute fish toxicity tests, no toxicity at all was found at 2 g l−1 SEQ. corresponding to 0.01 % DMSO. Only when increasing the DMSO concentration the fish embryo test showed a 22-fold higher toxicity for Veringkanal than for Ehrenbreitstein and Altrip samples, while the toxicity difference was less evident for the Daphnia test due to the overlaying solvent toxicity above 0.05 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The higher toxicities observed with the Veringkanal sample are supported by the PAH and PCB concentrations analyzed in the sediments. The sediment extracts of Altrip and Veringkanal were mutagenic in the Ames tester strain TA98 with metabolic activation (S9-mix). The findings allow a better ecotoxicological characterization of the sediments extensively analyzed in all subprojects of the DanTox project (e.g., Garcia-Kaeufer et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3894-4, 2014; Schiwy et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3185-0, 2014; Hollert and Keiter 2015). In the absence of agreed limit values for sediment extracts in standard tests, further data with unpolluted reference sediments are required for a quantitative risk assessment of the investigated polluted sediments.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant nos. 02WU1053). The authors also want to thank the BfG and the Hamburg Port Authority for providing the sediments and its related parameters. Many thanks also to the technicians Stefanie Streil and Petra Hönicke-Brugger for performing the bioassays in the lab.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrotox GmbH, Bötzinger Straße 29, 79111, Freiburg i.Br., Germany

    Christoph Hafner, Stefan Gartiser, Manuel Garcia-Käufer & Christoph Hercher

  2. Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Manuel Garcia-Käufer, Sabrina Schiwy, Steffen Keiter & Henner Hollert

  3. Institute of Geology and Palaeontology – Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Wiebke Meyer & Christine Achten

  4. Man-Technology-Environment Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden

    Maria Larsson, Magnus Engwall & Steffen Keiter

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  1. Christoph Hafner
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  2. Stefan Gartiser
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  3. Manuel Garcia-Käufer
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  4. Sabrina Schiwy
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  5. Christoph Hercher
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  6. Wiebke Meyer
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  7. Christine Achten
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  8. Maria Larsson
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  9. Magnus Engwall
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  10. Steffen Keiter
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  11. Henner Hollert
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Correspondence to Christoph Hafner.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Hafner, C., Gartiser, S., Garcia-Käufer, M. et al. Investigations on sediment toxicity of German rivers applying a standardized bioassay battery. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 16358–16370 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4482-y

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