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Cysteine-β-cyclodextrin enhanced phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene and lead

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Abstract

It is necessary to find an effective soil remediation technology for the simultaneous removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants and heavy metals from contaminated soils. In this work, a novel cysteine-β-cyclodextrin (CCD) was synthesized by the reaction of β-cyclodextrin with cysteine, and the structure of CCD was confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Pot-culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CCD on the phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene and lead. The results showed that CCD can enhance the phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene and lead. When CCD was added to the co-contaminated soil, the concentrations of phenanthrene and Pb in roots and shoots of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) significantly increased, the presence of CCD is beneficial to the accumulation of phenanthrene and Pb in ryegrass, and the residual concentrations of phenanthrene and Pb in soils significantly decreased. Under the co-contamination of 500 mg Pb kg−1 and 50 mg PHE kg−1, the bioconcentration factor of phenanthrene and Pb in the presence of CCD was increased by 1.43-fold and 4.47-fold, respectively. After CCD was added to the contaminated soils, the residual concentration of phenanthrene and Pb in unplanted soil was decreased by 18 and 25 %, respectively. However, for the planted soil, the residual concentration of phenanthrene and Pb was decreased by 48 and 56 %, respectively. CCD may improve the bioavailability of phenanthrene and Pb in co-contaminated soil; CCD enhanced phytoremediation technology may be a good alternative for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants and heavy metals from contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financed by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41261078, 40861017), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi, China (20114BAB203029), and the Science Funds of the Education Office of Jiangxi, China (GJJ12374). The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, 344000, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China

    Guanghui Wang, Yin Wang & Suhang Hu

  2. School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Nansheng Deng & Feng Wu

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  1. Guanghui Wang
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  2. Yin Wang
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  3. Suhang Hu
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  4. Nansheng Deng
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  5. Feng Wu
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Correspondence to Guanghui Wang.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Wang, G., Wang, Y., Hu, S. et al. Cysteine-β-cyclodextrin enhanced phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene and lead. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 10107–10115 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4210-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4210-7

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