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Combined use of DGT and transplanted shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to assess the bioavailable metals of complex contamination: implications for implementing bioavailability-based water quality criteria

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Abstract

The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were field deployed alongside the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at seven sites with different levels of contamination to assess the potentially bioavailable and toxic fraction of metal contaminants. After 7 days of exposure, several antioxidant biomarkers were quantified in hepatopancreas of exposed shrimps, and tissue levels as well as the total, dissolved, and DGT-labile concentrations of metal contaminants were determined in the pooled site samples. The results showed that the caged shrimps had high tissue contaminant concentrations and significantly inhibited antioxidant responses at the more contaminated sites. DGT-labile metal concentrations provided better spatial resolution of differences in metal contamination when compared with traditional bottle sampling and transplanted shrimp. The total, dissolved, and DGT-labile metal fractions were used to evaluate the potential bioavailability of metal contaminants, comparing with metal accumulation and further linking to antioxidant biomarker responses in tissues of exposed shrimps. Regression analysis showed the significant correlations between DGT-Cu concentrations and tissue-Cu and activities of some biomarker responses in the shrimp hepatopancreas. This indicated that DGT-labile Cu concentrations provided the better prediction of produced biological effects and of the bioavailability than the total or dissolved concentrations. The study supports the use of methods combining transplanted organisms and passive sampling for assessing the chemical and ecotoxicological status of aqueous environments and demonstrates the capability of the DGT technique as a powerful tool for measuring the bioavailability-based water quality in variable coastal environments.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC), awarded for the project “Dynamic variation of metal bioavailability and its responsive mechanisms of molecular biomarkers based on in-situ exposure” (grant no. 21377125/B070403 to Dr. Wang). Financial support was also provided to produce the deployment devices by grant no. 3502z20110005 from Xiamen engineering center and grant no. 2011DFB91710 from the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program, China. Furthermore, Chris Vulpe is supported by US NSF Grant CBET-1066358. The authors would like to thank Dr. Zhang Hao of Lancaster University, United Kingdom, for providing the DGT probes on which this work was based. Dr. Wang wishes to acknowledge financial support of this research by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting his stay at University of California, Berkeley as visiting scholar (File No. 201204910004). Special thanks are extended to the Dr. Dave Mount of US EPA in Duluth for insightful discussions when Dr. Wang attended the 32nd SETAC North America annual meeting in Boston.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen City, 361021, China

    Zaosheng Wang, Peihong Zhao, Changzhou Yan, Yijun Yan & Qiaoqiao Chi

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, 317 Morgan hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Zaosheng Wang & Vulpe D. Chris

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  1. Zaosheng Wang
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Correspondence to Zaosheng Wang or Changzhou Yan.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Fig. S1

Spatial patterns of metal accumulation (ng g−1 DW) in pooled hepatopancreas of transplanted L. vannamei after a 7-day field exposure at seven deployment sites. Bars presenting the same letter (a, b, c, or d) are not significantly different (p < 0.05, Student–Newman–Keuls multiple-range tests). RS reference shrimp. (JPEG 92 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 9227 kb)

Fig. S2

Biomarker responses of antioxidant enzyme activities measured in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei after a 7-day field exposure at deployment sites. Bars sharing the same letters (a, b, c, d, e, f, or g) denote not statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between deployment sites. RS reference shrimp. (JPEG 58 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 9227 kb)

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Wang, Z., Zhao, P., Yan, C. et al. Combined use of DGT and transplanted shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to assess the bioavailable metals of complex contamination: implications for implementing bioavailability-based water quality criteria. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 4502–4515 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2415-1

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