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Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and metal-contaminated soil by successive methyl-β-cyclodextrin-enhanced soil washing–microbial augmentation: a laboratory evaluation

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and metal-polluted sites caused by abandoned coking plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental concerns, innovative remediation technologies are urgently needed. This study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of a cleanup strategy that employed an initial phase, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting PAHs and metals simultaneously, followed by the addition of PAH-degrading bacteria (Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2) and supplemental nutrients to treat the residual soil-bound PAHs. Elevated temperature (50 °C) in combination with ultrasonication (35 kHz, 30 min) at 100 g MCD L−1 was effective in extracting PAHs and metals to assist soil washing; 93 % of total PAHs, 72 % of Cd, 78 % of Ni, 93 % of Zn, 84 % of Cr, and 68 % of Pb were removed from soil after three successive washing cycles. Treating the residual soil-bound PAHs for 20 weeks led to maximum biodegradation rates of 34, 45, 36, and 32 % of the remaining total PAHs, 3-ring PAHs, 4-ring PAHs, and 5(+6)-ring PAHs after washing procedure, respectively. Based on BIOLOG Ecoplate assay, the combined treatment at least partially restored microbiological functions in the contaminated soil. The ex situ cleanup strategy through MCD-enhanced soil washing followed by microbial augmentation can be effective in remediating PAH and metal-contaminated soil.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Project BK2009016), the Chinese National Environmental Protection Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes (Project 2010467016), and the Chinese National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (Project 2007AA061101).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Mingming Sun, Yongming Luo, Ying Teng, Zhongjun Jia & Zhengao Li

  2. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Shiping Deng

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  1. Mingming Sun
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  2. Yongming Luo
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  3. Ying Teng
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  4. Zhongjun Jia
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  5. Zhengao Li
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  6. Shiping Deng
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Correspondence to Ying Teng.

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Responsible editor: Robert Duran

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Sun, M., Luo, Y., Teng, Y. et al. Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and metal-contaminated soil by successive methyl-β-cyclodextrin-enhanced soil washing–microbial augmentation: a laboratory evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 976–986 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1064-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1064-0

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