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Pesticide residues in Portuguese strawberries grown in 2009–2010 using integrated pest management and organic farming

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Abstract

Pesticides are among the most widely used chemicals in the world. Because of the widespread use of agricultural chemicals in food production, people are exposed to low levels of pesticide residues through their diets. Scientists do not yet have a total understanding of the health effects of these pesticide residues. This work aims to determine differences in terms of pesticide residue content in Portuguese strawberries grown using different agriculture practices. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe sample preparation method was conducted and shown to have good performance for multiclass pesticides extraction in strawberries. The screening of 25 pesticides residue was performed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In quantitative validation, acceptable performances were achieved with recoveries of 70–120 and <12 % residual standard deviation for 25 pesticides. Good linearity was obtained for all the target compounds, with highly satisfactory repeatability. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.1–28 μg/kg. The method was applied to analyze strawberry samples from organic and integrated pest management (IPM) practices harvested in 2009–2010. The results showed the presence of fludioxonil, bifenthrin, mepanipyrim, tolylfluanid, cyprodinil, tetraconazole, and malathion when using IPM below the maximum residue levels.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a Ph.D. grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (BD/47200/2008) and grant no. PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal

    Virgínia C. Fernandes & Cristina Delerue-Matos

  2. Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, CIQ–Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Virgínia C. Fernandes & Nuno Mateus

  3. Departamento de Engenharia Química, REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, nº 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal

    Valentina F. Domingues

Authors
  1. Virgínia C. Fernandes
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  2. Valentina F. Domingues
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  3. Nuno Mateus
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  4. Cristina Delerue-Matos
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Correspondence to Valentina F. Domingues.

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Responsible editor: Leif Kronberg

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Fernandes, V.C., Domingues, V.F., Mateus, N. et al. Pesticide residues in Portuguese strawberries grown in 2009–2010 using integrated pest management and organic farming. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19, 4184–4192 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0934-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0934-9

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