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Surface Decoration for Improving the Accuracy of Displacement Measurements by Digital Image Correlation in SEM

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Abstract

In-situ straining experiments and residual stress evaluations by micromachining require accurate measurement of surface displacements. Such measurements can be conveniently done using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Three surface decoration techniques are presented to enhance surface deformation and residual stress measurement capabilities on micron-scale samples within a Scanning Electron Microscope—Focused Ion Beam (SEM-FIB) instrument. They involve the use of Yttria-stabilized-zirconia nano particles applied chemically, nano platinum dots applied using FIB, and Focused Electron Beam (FEB) assisted deposition. The three decoration techniques create distinctive, random surface features that can be used with Digital Image Correlation to provide full field maps of surface displacements at high magnifications. A series of experiments using a FEGSEM-FIB demonstrated the effectiveness of the three surface decoration techniques for FEGSEM imaging at magnifications from 2,000× to 60,000×. The precision of the image correlation is substantially enhanced by the surface decoration, with displacement standard deviations reduced to the 0.005–0.03 pixel range, depending on the patch size used. By means of an example application, the use of surface decoration for microscopic hole-drilling residual stress measurements within a FIB-SEM is presented. The same trends in DIC uncertainty observed in the analysis of the surface decoration patterns carried through to the example application. Guidelines are given for appropriate choice of decoration method to suit various practical applications.

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Acknowledgments

The measurements were made within the Stress and Damage Characterization Unit at the University of Manchester, U.K., supported by the Light Alloys Towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport (LATEST) EPSRC Portfolio Project. We are grateful to P. Liaw (the University of Tennessee, U.S.A.) and Y. Yokoyama (Himeji Institute of Technology, Japan) for provision of the sample; to P. Xiao (the University of Manchester, U.K.) for YSZ nanopowder and A. Gholinia (the University of Manchester, U.K.) for technical and scientific suggestions during the experiment. Author GSS was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7HS, UK

    B. Winiarski & P. J. Withers

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    G. S. Schajer

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  1. B. Winiarski
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  2. G. S. Schajer
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  3. P. J. Withers
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Correspondence to B. Winiarski.

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Winiarski, B., Schajer, G.S. & Withers, P.J. Surface Decoration for Improving the Accuracy of Displacement Measurements by Digital Image Correlation in SEM. Exp Mech 52, 793–804 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-011-9568-y

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