Abstract
Acer L. (Sapindaceae) consists of approximately 200 species, with great ornamental and commercial values. However, due to a substantial divergence in inflorescence, leaf shape, and fruit shape during the process of long-term natural evolution, it is remarkably difficult to distinguish them by morphological features. Eight species with compound-leaved maples from Sect. Trifoliata, Pentaphylla, and Negundo play an important role in revealing the morphological variation of Acer. Hence, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of all eight compound-leaved maples native to Asia were characterized, and comparative genomic analysis was conducted to infer their phylogenetic relationships. A few differences were found in cp genome size and gene content among eight Acer species. The gene rps2 was only identified in A. griseum. The differences in the cp genome sequences among eight Acer species have been clearly demonstrated, where matK-rps16, trnE-trnT, ndhC-trnV, ccsA-ndhD, and ycf1-trnN were the most divergent regions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Acer was clustered into monophyly by 100% bootstrap values, with A. glabrum (Sect. Glabra) and A. pseudoplatanus (Sect. Palmata) as the most basic species. Except for A. henryi and A. negundo, seven compound-leaved maples and some simple-leaved maples were highly supported to cluster into one clade with A. sutchuenense as the primitive species of Sect. Trifoliata and A. pentaphyllum as a series (Ser. Pentaphylla) of Sect. Pentaphylla. Besides, it is speculated by plastid phylogeny reconstruction that A. cissifolium (Sect. Negundo) may have ancestral connections with A. triflorum (Sect. Trifoliata). Finally, we conjectured that compound-leaved maples may have evolved from simple-leaved maples.
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Data availability
Sequence data of eight Acer species generated in this study were submitted to GenBank of NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with the accession numbers MN602455, MT216760-MT216765, and MT355072.
Change history
22 July 2022
Handling editor name correction.
11 February 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01545-y
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to associate researcher Bin Li of Xi’an Botanical Garden and assistant researcher Wei Zhang of Sichuan Academy of Forestry for their help in the sample collection.
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This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Fund of CAF (CAFYBB2020ZB005-01).
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All authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conceptualization: ZCH. Methodology: XXH. Formal analysis and investigation: XXH and FQD. Writing—original draft preparation: XXH and YXD. Writing—review and editing: XXH, YXD, ZCH, ZYX, and WYX. Funding acquisition: ZCH. Resources: FQD. Supervision: ZYQ.
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Xia, X., Yu, X., Fu, Q. et al. Comparison of chloroplast genomes of compound-leaved maples and phylogenetic inference with other Acer species. Tree Genetics & Genomes 18, 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01541-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01541-2