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Chloroplast diversity and population differentiation of Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae): a dominant tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest of subtropical China

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Abstract

Subtropical forests in China constitute the major expanse of evergreen broad-leaved forest in East Asia. The significant genetic divergence of the keystone tree species should be expected due to the huge geomorphological and environmental changes from west to east in subtropical China. In this study, a total of 652 individuals from 27 populations of Castanopsis fargesii throughout its natural range in mainland China were genotyped with eight chloroplast microsatellite markers to investigate genetic diversity, population differentiation, and demographic history of C. fargesii. Phylogeographic structure among populations of C. fargesii was evidenced by the permutation test, revealing that NST was significantly higher than GST . The strong genetic differentiation found among populations was well in accordance with isolation-by-distance model. In addition, significant isolation by elevation was detected among populations. Significant genetic differentiations were revealed among the west, center, and east regions by approximate Bayesian computations (ABC). The genetic divergence might reflect the regional responses to the fast and dramatic uplift of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Wuyi mountain range in the Pleistocene. In the present study, contraction-expansion process was detected in the west, center, and east regions, indicating that geomorphological remodeling together with climatic changes in the Pleistocene had strong impact on genetic structure of C. fargesii.

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Acknowledgments

We thank three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170512, 30871959, and 31370668), and by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-28).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People’s Republic of China

    Ye Sun, Huaqiang Hu & Hongwen Huang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Huaqiang Hu

  3. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-I.P.N., Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Carlos Fabián Vargas-Mendoza

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  1. Ye Sun
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  2. Huaqiang Hu
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  4. Carlos Fabián Vargas-Mendoza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ye Sun.

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Communicated by A. Kremer

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Figure S1

Posterior (green) and prior (red) of each parameter in approximate Bayesian computations (ABC). T1 and T2 are the time of two divergent events. Tbn_r and Tex_r are the time of bottleneck and expansion duration in a recent event. Tnt is time of an ancestral population before T2 event. N1, N2 and N3 are the effective population size of East, Center and West region respectively. NT is the effective population size of the ancestral population. Nbn_r and Nex_r are effective population size of bottleneck and expansion in a recent event. Tbn and Tex are the time of bottleneck and expansion duration in an ancient event. Nbn and Nex are effective population size of bottleneck and expansion in an ancient event. (GIF 323 kb)

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Sun, Y., Hu, H., Huang, H. et al. Chloroplast diversity and population differentiation of Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae): a dominant tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest of subtropical China. Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, 1531–1539 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0776-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0776-3

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