Abstract
Construction biotechnology includes research and development of construction materials and processes that make use of various microbes. The present technology landscape gives a perspective on how microbes have been used in construction industry as cement and concrete additives by analyzing patents filed in this technology arena. All patents related to the technology of interest published globally to date have been reviewed. The earliest patent filing in this technology domain was recorded in the year 1958 and the patenting activity reached its peak around mid to late 1990s. The early technology was mainly focused on microbial polysaccharides and other metabolic products as additives. Year 2002 onwards, biomineralization has taken precedence over the other technologies with consistent patent filings indicating a shift in innovation focus. Japan has been the global leader with highest number of patents filed on application of microbes in construction industry. Southeast University, China has topped the patent assignee list with maximum number of filings followed by Kajima Corp. and Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Most patent applications have claimed microbe based bio-products. Construction-related microbial technologies are mainly based on activity of different microorganisms such as urease-producing, acidogenic, halophilic, alkaliphilic, nitrate and iron-reducing bacteria. Sporosarcina pasteurii has been the most widely used microbe for biomineralization.
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Abbreviations
- CPC:
-
Cooperative patent classification
- IPC:
-
International patent classification
- MICP:
-
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. R. R. Hirwani, Technical Advisor, CSIR-Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (CSIR-URDIP), Pune, India for encouragement and support. Dipti Dapurkar also thanks CSIR, India for Project Fellowship.
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Dapurkar, D., Telang, M. A patent landscape on application of microorganisms in construction industry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33, 138 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2302-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2302-x