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A review of the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannans and synergistic interactions between β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase

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Abstract

Mannan is an important polysaccharide found in softwoods and many other plant sources. Mannans from various sources display large differences in composition, structure and complexity. To hydrolyse mannan into its monomer sugars requires a number of enzymes working in synergy. This review examines mannan structure and the enzymes required for its hydrolysis. Several studies have investigated the effect of supplementing β-mannanases with β-mannosidases and α-galactosidases in binary and ternary combinations. Synergistic enhancement of hydrolysis has been found in some, but not all cases. In the case of mannosidases, they sometimes display an anti-synergistic effect with mannanases, most likely due to competition for binding sites. Most importantly, in the case of α-galactosidases, the same enzyme from different families display differences in synergistic interactions due to different specificities. An improved understanding of enzyme interactions will aid in achieving enhanced hydrolysis of mannans and higher sugar yields. This review highlights areas which require further research in order to gain a better understanding of mannan hydrolysis and utilisation. Such knowledge is very important as this can be used in the optimisation of commercial or purified enzyme mixtures to improve the economic viability of the conversion of high mannan-containing biomass such as softwoods into fermentable sugars for bioethanol production.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa and Rhodes University is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and therefore the NRF does not accept any liability in regard thereto.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa

    Samkelo Malgas & Brett I. Pletschke

  2. Forest Products Biotechnology Group, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada

    J. Susan van Dyk

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  1. Samkelo Malgas
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  2. J. Susan van Dyk
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  3. Brett I. Pletschke
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Correspondence to Brett I. Pletschke.

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Malgas, S., van Dyk, J.S. & Pletschke, B.I. A review of the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannans and synergistic interactions between β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31, 1167–1175 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1878-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1878-2

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