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Impact of rhizobial inoculation on Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. growth in greenhouse and soil functioning in relation to seed provenance and soil origin

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Abstract

Rhizobial inoculation has a positive impact on plants growth; however, there is little information about its effect on soil microbial communities and their activity in the rhizosphere. It was therefore necessary to test the effect of inoculation of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. seedlings with selected rhizobia on plant growth, structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities and soil functioning in relation to plant provenance and soil origin. In order to carry out this experiment, three A. senegal seeds provenance from Kenya, Niger, and Senegal were inoculated with selected rhizobial strains. They have been further grown during 4 months in greenhouse conditions in two non-disinfected soils, Dahra and Goudiry coming respectively from arid and semi-arid areas. The principal component analysis (ACP) showed an inoculation effect on plant growth, rhizospheric bacterial diversity and soil functioning. However, the performances of the rhizobial strains varied in relation to the seed provenance and the soil origin. The selected rhizobial strains, the A. senegal provenance and the soil origin have modified the structure and the diversity of soil bacterial communities as measured by principal component analysis/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses. It is interesting to note that bacterial communities of Dahra soil were highly structured according to A. senegal provenance, whereas they were structured in relation to rhizobial inoculation in Goudiry soil. Besides, the impact of inoculation on soil microbial activities measured by fluorescein diacetate analyses varied in relation to plant provenance and soil origin. Nevertheless, total microbial activity was about two times higher in Goudiry, arid soil than in Dahra, semi-arid soil. Our results suggest that the rhizobial inoculation is a suitable tool for improving plants growth and soil fertility. Yet, the impact is dependent on inoculants, plant provenance and soil origin. It will, therefore, be crucial to identify the appropriate rhizobial strains and plant provenance or species in relation to the soil type.

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Abbreviations

DGGE:

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic

FDA:

Fluorescein diacetate

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by ACACIAGUM INCO STREP project Contract Number 032233. The authors are grateful to French Embassy in Senegal (SCAC) for a fellowship. We thank Mr. Lamine Dieng for his technical assistance in PCR/DGGE analysis and; Mr. Ibou Sene (Dahra) and Mr. Dembele (Goudiry) for soil sampling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal

    Niokhor Bakhoum, Fatou Ndoye, Aboubacry Kane, Samba Ndao Sylla, Kandioura Noba & Diégane Diouf

  2. Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de recherche de Bel-Air, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal

    Niokhor Bakhoum, Fatou Ndoye, Aboubacry Kane, Dioumacor Fall, Samba Ndao Sylla & Diégane Diouf

  3. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne des Sols et Agrosystèmes Tropicaux, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de recherche de Bel-Air, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal

    Komi Assigbetse

  4. Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre National de Recherches Forestières (CNRF), Route des Pères Maristes, BP 2312, Dakar, Senegal

    Dioumacor Fall

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  1. Niokhor Bakhoum
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Correspondence to Diégane Diouf.

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Bakhoum, N., Ndoye, F., Kane, A. et al. Impact of rhizobial inoculation on Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. growth in greenhouse and soil functioning in relation to seed provenance and soil origin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28, 2567–2579 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1066-6

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