Abstract
Enzymes produced by Ganoderma australe in solid-state fermentation and submerged cultures were evaluated. Strain A464 produced laccase activity in liquid medium and in solid-state cultures containing Drimys winteri or Eucalyptus globulus wood chips, while MnP and LiP activities were not detected. On the other hand, strain A272 cultured for 75 days on E. globulus presented MnP activity of 719 IU/kg of wood. The suitability of D. winteri wood as a substrate enabling MnP production was checked with a well-documented MnP-producing basidiomycete, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which produced MnP activity of 327 IU/kg of wood in 9-day-old cultures. Data from two different G. australe strains (A272 and A464) indicated that MnP secretion depended on strain origin as well as on culture conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agosin E, Blanchette R, Silva H, Lapierre C, Cease K, Ibach R, Abad A, Muga P (1990) Characterization of palo podrido, a natural process of delignification in wood. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:65–74
Archibald FS (1992) A new assay for lignin-type peroxidases employing the dye Azure B. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:3110–3116
Bailey MJ, Biely P, Poutenen K (1992) Inter-laboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanases activity. J Biotechnol 23:257–270
Barrasa JM, González A, Martínez AT (1992) Ultrastructural aspects of fungal delignification of Chilean woods by Ganoderma australe and Phlebia chrysocrea. A study of natural and in vitro degradation. Holzforschung 46:1–8
Bechtold R, González AE, Almendros G, Martínez MJ, Martínez AT (1993) Lignin alteration by Ganoderma australe and other white-rot fungi after solid-state fermentation of beech-wood. Holzforschung 47:91–96
Bourbonnais R, Leech D, Paice MG (1998) Electrochemical analysis of the interactions of laccase mediators with lignin model compounds. Biochim Biophys Acta-Gen Subjects 1379:381–390
Browning BL (1967) Methods of wood chemistry, vol 1. Interscience Publishers, New York, pp 303–304
D’Souza T, Merrit C, Reddy CA (1999) Lignin-modifying enzymes of the white rot basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:5307–5313
Eggert C, Temp U, Dean JF, Eriksson KE (1996) A fungal metabolite mediates degradation of non-phenolic lignin structures and synthetic lignin by laccase. FEBS Lett 391:144–148
Elissetche JP, Ferraz A, Freer J, Rodríguez J (2006) Influence of forest soil on biodegradation of Drimys winteri by Ganoderma australe. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 57:174–178
Elissetche JP, Ferraz A, Parra C, Freer J, Baeza J, Rodríguez J (2001) Biodegradation of Chilean native wood species Drimys winteri and Nothofagus dombeyi, by Ganoderma australe. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:577–581
Ferraz A, Parra C, Freer J, Baeza J, Rodríguez J (2000) Characterization of white zones produced on Pinus radiata wood chips by Ganoderma australe and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 16:641–645
Kuwahara M, Glenn JK, Morgan MA, Gold MH (1984) Separation and characterization of two extracellular H2O2-dependent oxidases from ligninolytic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Lett 169:247–250
Li K, Horanyi PS, Collins R, Phillips RS, Eriksson KE (2001) Investigation of the role of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the degradation of lignin by white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinnus. Enzyme Microbial Technol 28:301–307
Lundell T, Leonowicz A, Rogalski J, Hatakka A (1990) Formation and action of lignin-modifying enzymes in cultures of Phlebia radiata supplemented with veratric acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2623–2629
Mäkelä M, Galkin S, Hatakka A, Lundell T (2002) Production of organic acids and oxalate decarboxylase in lignin-degrading white rot fungi. Enzyme Microbial Technol 30:542–549
Mandels M, Andreotti R, Roche C (1976) Measurement of saccharifying cellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng Sympos 6:2–34
Martínez AT, Barrasa JM, Martínez MJ, Almendros G, Blanco M, González AE (1994) Ganoderma australe: a fungus responsible for extensive delignification of some austral harwoods. In: Buchanan PK, Hseu RS, Moncalvo JM (eds) Ganoderma systematics, phytopathology and pharmacology. Proceedings of Contributed Symposium 59A, B, 5th International Mycological Congress, Vancouver, August 14–21, pp 67–77
Peláez F, Martínez MJ, Martínez AT (1995) Screening of 68 species of basidiomycetes for enzymes involved in lignin degradation. Mycol Res 99:37–42
Rios S, Eyzaguirre J (1992) Conditions for selective degradation of lignin by the fungus Ganoderma australis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37:667–669
Rogalski J, Lundell T, Leonowicz A, Hatakka A (1991) Production of laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase by various strains of Trametes versicolor depending on culture conditions. Acta Microbiol Polonica 40:221–234
Silva C, Melo I, Oliveira P (2005) Ligninolytic enzyme production by Ganoderma spp. Enzyme Microbial Technol 37:324–329
Souza-Cruz P, Freer J, Siika-Aho M, Ferraz A (2004) Extraction and determination of enzymes produced by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora during biopulping of Pinus taeda wood chips. Enzyme Microbial Technol 34:228–234
Szklarz GD, Antibus RK, Sinsabaugh RL, Linkins AE (1989) Production of phenoloxidase and peroxidases by wood-rotting fungi. Mycologia 81:234–240
Acknowledgments
This research has been supported by FONDECYT. J.P. Elissetche acknowledges a student fellowships awarded by CONICYT under Contract Number AT-4040052.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elissetche, JP., Ferraz, A., Freer, J. et al. Enzymes produced by Ganoderma australe growing on wood and in submerged cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23, 429–434 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-006-9243-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-006-9243-0