Abstract
The purpose of this research was to use pyrrhotite ash, a residue from the phosphate industry, as an adsorbent material for the removal of reactive red 141 (RR141) dye from aqueous solution. The collected pyrrhotite ash was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pHpzc. In batch assays, diverse operating parameters impacting the dye removal were scrutinized such as pH, contact time, initial RR141 concentration, temperature, and pyrrhotite ash dose. The equilibrium of adsorption was obtained after 60 min contact time, and 97% of RR141 dye was adsorbed at ambient temperature. The isotherm of Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model yield a suitable fit for the obtained batch experimental data; thermodynamic parameter analysis reveals the spontaneous, exothermic aspect of adsorption. Fixed bed column experiments were also tested to probe the effectiveness of pyrrhotite ash for applications in continuous mode. The breakthrough curve was described by the models of Yoon–Nelson and Thomas.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abidi, N., Errais, E., Duplay, J., Berez, A., Jrad, A., Schäfer, G., Ghazi, M., Semhi, K., & Trabelsi-Ayadi, M. (2015). Treatment of dye-containing effluent by natural clay. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.043.
Ahmad, A. A., & Hameed, B. H. (2010). Fixed-bed adsorption of reactive azo dye onto granular activated carbon prepared from waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175, 298–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.003.
Amin, N. K. (2008). Removal of reactive dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from sugarcane bagasse pith. Desalination, 223, 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.203.
Arivithamani, N., & Giri Dev, V. R. (2018). Characterization and comparison of salt-free reactive dyed cationized cotton hosiery fabrics with that of conventional dyed cotton fabrics. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.175.
Asghar, A., Abdul Raman, A. A., & Wan Daud, W. M. A. (2015). Advanced oxidation processes for in-situ production of hydrogen peroxide/hydroxyl radical for textile wastewater treatment: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 826–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.010.
Belaid, K. D., Kacha, S., Kameche, M., & Derriche, Z. (2013). Adsorption kinetics of some textile dyes onto granular activated carbon. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1, 496–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.05.003.
Bohart, G. S., & Adams, E. Q. (1920). Some aspects of the behavior of charcoal with respect to chlorine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 42, 523–544. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01448a018.
Carboneras, M. B., Villaseñor, J., Fernández-Morales, F. J., Rodrigo, M. A., & Cañizares, P. (2018). Biological treatment of wastewater polluted with an oxyfluorfen-based commercial herbicide. Chemosphere, 213, 244–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.054.
Chen, S., Qin, C., Wang, T., Chen, F., Li, X., Hou, H., & Zhou, M. (2019). Study on the adsorption of dyestuffs with different properties by sludge-rice husk biochar: adsorption capacity, isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamics and mechanism. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 285, 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.035.
Cinperi, N. C., Ozturk, E., Yigit, N. O., & Kitis, M. (2019). Treatment of woolen textile wastewater using membrane bioreactor, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for reuse in production processes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 223, 837–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.166.
Dutta, S., Parsons, S. A., Bhattacharjee, C., Jarvis, P., Datta, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2009). Kinetic study of adsorption and photo-decolorization of reactive red 198 on TiO2 surface. Chemical Engineering Journal, 155, 674–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.08.026.
El Haddad, M. (2016). Removal of basic Fuchsin dye from water using mussel shell biomass waste as an adsorbent: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10, 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.08.007.
Erdem İşmal, Ö., Yıldırım, L., & Özdoğan, E. (2014). Use of almond shell extracts plus biomordants as effective textile dye. Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.055.
Eren, Z., & Acar, F. N. (2006). Adsorption of reactive black 5 from an aqueous solution: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Desalination, 194, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.022.
GilPavas, E., Dobrosz-Gómez, I., & Gómez-García, M. Á. (2017). Coagulation-flocculation sequential with Fenton or photo-Fenton processes as an alternative for the industrial textile wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 191, 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.015.
Goel, J., Kadirvelu, K., Rajagopal, C., & Kumar Garg, V. (2005). Removal of lead (II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: batch and column studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 125, 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.032.
Guo, J., Ma, F., Qu, Y., Li, A., & Wang, L. (2012). Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 6, 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-011-0328-0.
Ho, Y. S., & Mckay, G. (1998). Kinetic models for the sorption of dye from aqueous solution by wood. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1205/095758298529326.
Hunger, K. (2007). Industrial dyes: chemistry, properties, applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Islam, M. A., Ahmed, M. J., Khanday, W. A., Asif, M., & Hameed, B. H. (2017). Mesoporous activated coconut shell-derived hydrochar prepared via hydrothermal carbonization-NaOH activation for methylene blue adsorption. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.029.
Jain, S. N., & Gogate, P. R. (2018). Efficient removal of acid green 25 dye from wastewater using activated Prunus Dulcis as biosorbent: batch and column studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 210, 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.008.
Ko, D. C. K., Porter, J. F., & McKay, G. (2000). Optimised correlations for the fixed-bed adsorption of metal ions on bone char. Chemical Engineering Science, 55, 5819–5829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00416-4.
Lagergren, S. K. (1898). About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 24, 1–39.
Langmuir, I. (1918). The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 40, 1361–1403.
Lei, C., Zhu, X., Zhu, B., Jiang, C., Le, Y., & Yu, J. (2017). Superb adsorption capacity of hierarchical calcined Ni/Mg/Al layered double hydroxides for Congo red and Cr (VI) ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 321, 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.070.
Morais, L. C., Freitas, O. M., Gonçalves, E. P., Vasconcelos, L. T., & González Beça, C. G. (1999). Reactive dyes removal from wastewaters by adsorption on eucalyptus bark: variables that define the process. Water Research, 33, 979–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00294-2.
Özacar, M., & Şengil, İ. A. (2005). Adsorption of metal complex dyes from aqueous solutions by pine sawdust. Bioresource Technology, 96, 791–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.07.011.
Prabhakar, R., Bharath, Y., & Singh, S. N. (2019). Fabrication of a low-cost water purifier incorporating agricultural wastes for the removal of dyes and heavy metals. In S. K. Ghosh (Ed.), Waste management and resource efficiency (pp. 23–33). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7290-1_3.
Rosa, J. M., Fileti, A. M. F., Tambourgi, E. B., & Santana, J. C. C. (2015). Dyeing of cotton with reactive dyestuffs: the continuous reuse of textile wastewater effluent treated by ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide homogeneous photocatalysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 90, 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.043.
Rovira, J., & Domingo, J. L. (2019). Human health risks due to exposure to inorganic and organic chemicals from textiles: a review. Environmental Research, 168, 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.027.
Thomas, H. C. (1944). Heterogeneous ion exchange in a flowing system. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 66, 1664–1666. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a017.
Unuabonah, E. I., Olu-Owolabi, B. I., Fasuyi, E. I., & Adebowale, K. O. (2010). Modeling of fixed-bed column studies for the adsorption of cadmium onto novel polymer–clay composite adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179(1–3), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.020.
Zazou, H., Afanga, H., Akhouairi, S., Ouchtak, H., Addi, A. A., Akbour, R. A., Assabbane, A., Douch, J., Elmchaouri, A., Duplay, J., Jada, A., & Hamdani, M. (2019). Treatment of textile industry wastewater by electrocoagulation coupled with electrochemical advanced oxidation process. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 28, 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.02.006.
Zazycki, M. A., Godinho, M., Perondi, D., Foletto, E. L., Collazzo, G. C., & Dotto, G. L. (2018). New biochar from pecan nutshells as an alternative adsorbent for removing reactive red 141 from aqueous solutions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.007.
Zulfadhly, Z., Mashitah, M. D., & Bhatia, S. (2001). Heavy metals removal in fixed-bed column by the macro fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus. Environmental Pollution, 112, 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00136-6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mouldar, J., Hatimi, B., Hafdi, H. et al. Pyrrhotite Ash Waste for Capacitive Adsorption and Fixed-Bed Column Studies: Application for Reactive Red 141 Dye. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 205 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04578-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04578-y