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Influence of the Herbicide Facet® on Corticosterone Levels, Plasma Metabolites, and Antioxidant System in the Liver and Muscle of American Bullfrog Tadpoles

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Abstract

This study sought to analyze the effects of the herbicide quinclorac on body condition indices; plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose, and uric acid; activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST); and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and caudal muscle of American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. After a 7-day acclimation period, animals were exposed to four concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 μg/L) of herbicide for a further 7 days. Then, blood samples were obtained, animals were euthanized, and the liver and caudal muscle resected. Levels of corticosterone and uric acid were reduced in tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration of herbicide, and this reduction was preceded by an increase in glucose levels. In the liver tissue, LPO was increased after exposure to 0.1 μg/L quinclorac, followed by a return to baseline values in the remaining concentrations; this response was accompanied by an increase in SOD and GST and reduction of tissue protein levels. At the highest concentration, a reduction in activity of all enzymes was observed, with protein returning to control-like levels. In muscle, SOD and GST levels declined with exposures up to 0.1 g/L and 0.4 μg/L, respectively, whereas LPO decreased in animals exposed to 0.1 μg/L. These results suggest participation of nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses, as demonstrated by the reduction in uric acid levels. Exposure to the range of quinclorac concentrations used in this study slowed body mass and length gain, reduced corticosterone levels, and modulated antioxidant defenses.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Graduate Program in Zoology for the financial support provided. We also thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for awarding a grant to the first author and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for awarding a Level 2 Investigator grant to the corresponding author (process no. 307303/20128) during the course of this study.

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  1. Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681 (Prédio 12, Bloco C, Sala 250), CP. 1429, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil

    Mariana de Lima Coltro, Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva, Artur Antunes Navaro Valgas, Camila Miguel, Betânia Souza de Freitas & Guendalina Turcato Oliveira

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  1. Mariana de Lima Coltro
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Correspondence to Guendalina Turcato Oliveira.

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Animals were transported in plastic bags to the Conservation Physiology laboratory of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), where all experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorization (permit no. 14/00384).

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de Lima Coltro, M., da Silva, P.R., Valgas, A.A.N. et al. Influence of the Herbicide Facet® on Corticosterone Levels, Plasma Metabolites, and Antioxidant System in the Liver and Muscle of American Bullfrog Tadpoles. Water Air Soil Pollut 228, 241 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3404-7

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