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Assessment of In Situ Immobilization of Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) in Contaminated Soils with Phosphate and Iron: Solubility and Bioaccessibility

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Abstract

The effect of in situ immobilization of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in soil with respectively phosphate and iron is well recognized. However, studies on combined Pb and As-contaminated soil are fewer, and assessment of the effectiveness of the immobilization on mobility and bioaccessibility is also necessary. In this study, a Pb and As-contaminated soil was collected from an abandoned lead/zinc mine in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province of China, which has been treated with three phosphates, i.e., calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), phosphate rock, and single super-phosphate (SSP) for 6 months in a field study. The ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) at 20 g kg−1 was then amended to the soil samples and incubated for 8 weeks in a greenhouse. The solubility and bioaccessibility tests were used to assess the effectiveness of the in situ immobilization. The result showed that phosphates addition decreased the concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb; however, the concentrations of water-soluble As increased upon CMP and SSP addition. With the iron addition, the water-soluble As concentrations decreased significantly, but CaCl2-extractable Pb concentrations increased. The bioaccessibility of As and Pb measured in artificial gastric and small intestinal solutions decreased with phosphate and iron application except for the bioaccessibility of As in the gastric phase with SSP addition. Combined application of phosphates and iron can be an effective approach to lower bioaccessibility of As and Pb, but has opposing effects on mobility of As and Pb in contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20607028), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2008AA06Z336), and Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC (NSFC-NOW; 20811130492).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Yanshan Cui

  2. State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology/Department of Soil Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People’s Republic of China

    Yanshan Cui & Xin Du

  3. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, P.O. Box 8005, 6700EC, The Netherlands

    Liping Weng & Willem H. Van Riemsdijk

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  1. Yanshan Cui
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  2. Xin Du
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  4. Willem H. Van Riemsdijk
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Correspondence to Yanshan Cui.

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Cui, Y., Du, X., Weng, L. et al. Assessment of In Situ Immobilization of Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) in Contaminated Soils with Phosphate and Iron: Solubility and Bioaccessibility. Water Air Soil Pollut 213, 95–104 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0370-8

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