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Impact of Elevated O3 on Soil Microbial Community Function Under Wheat Crop

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Abstract

This study was initiated to explore the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on potted wheat roots and soil microbial community function. Three treatments were performed: (1) Air with daily averaged O3 concentration of 4–10 ppb (control situation, CK), (2) Air plus 8 h averaged O3 concentration of 76.1 ppb (O3-1), and (3) Air plus 8 h averaged O3 concentration of 118.8 ppb (O3-2). In treatments with elevated O3 concentration (O3-1 and O3-2), the root and shoot biomass were reduced by 25% and 18%, respectively, compared to the control treatment (CK). On the other hand, root activity was significantly reduced by 58% and 90.8% in the O3-1 and O3-2 treatments, respectively, compared to CK. The soil microbial biomass was significantly reduced only in the highest O3 concentration (O3-2 treatment) in the rhizosphere soil. Soil microbial community composition was assessed under O3 stress based on the changes in the sole carbon source utilization profiles of soil microbial communities using the Biolog™ system. Principal component analysis showed that there was significant discrimination in the sole-carbon source utilization pattern of soil microbial communities among the O3 treatments in rhizosphere soil; however, there was none in the bulk soil. In rhizosphere soil, the functional richness of the soil microbial community was reduced by 27% and 38% in O3-1 and O3-2 treatments, respectively, compared to CK. O3-2 treatment remarkably decreased the Shannon diversity index of soil microbial community function in rhizosphere soil, but the O3-1 treatment did not. In the dominant microorganisms using carbon sources of carbohydrates and amino acids groups were significantly reduced by an elevated O3 concentration in the rhizosphere soil. Our study shows that the elevated ozone levels may alter microbial community function in rhizosphere soil but not in the bulk soil. Hence, this suggests that O3 effects on soil microbes are caused by O3 detriments on the plant, but not by the O3 direct effects on the soil microbes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program (973) of China (No. 2002CB410803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670387), and the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCXZ-YW-422-3). The authors gratefully acknowledge Q B Wu and Y CH Wei for experimental assistance and H Zheng for help of data analysis. And the authors express gratitude to the reviewers for their valuable suggestions and grammar improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Zhan Chen, Xiaoke Wang, Zhaozhong Feng & Xiaonan Duan

  2. Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China

    Zhan Chen

  3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Qin Xiao

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  1. Zhan Chen
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Correspondence to Xiaoke Wang.

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Chen, Z., Wang, X., Feng, Z. et al. Impact of Elevated O3 on Soil Microbial Community Function Under Wheat Crop. Water Air Soil Pollut 198, 189–198 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9838-1

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