Abstract
One of the important objectives of water resources planning is to tap the maximum possible water available in the river basin that can be utilized particularly during the period of drought. This can be materialized by creating water storage structures. For this purpose initially, the first task could be the identification of suitable site for creating water storage sites. With the advent of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, it becomes easier for water resources planner to identify the suitable location of water storage structure within the basin. Present study demonstrates the identification of suitable location in the upper basin of Sheonath river in Chhattisgarh State, India. Based on the various physical characteristics of the basin, GIS based multi-criteria evaluation technique is being applied to determine the most suitable water storage sites. The suitable sites are assessed by considering the spatially varying parameters. These parameters include potential runoff, hydrologic soil group, land use, lineament, slope, stream order and settlement and basin area. Potential runoff is calculated from Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) equation. Since, there is more than one parameter; it is significant to determine the importance of one layer over another layer. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the multi-criteria decision making method resulting in the percentage relative importance. The AHP model consists of three levels objective i.e. suitable site for water storage, the parameter used and the alternatives. In the overlay process of GIS the relative importance determined by AHP is applied to produce suitable locations. Suitability is divided into three categories “suitability level 1”, “suitability level 2” and “suitability level 3” representing storage tank, stop dam and check dam respectively. This mapping helps in selecting potential site for water storage structures in the basin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad I, Verma MK (2015) Application of RS & GIS in estimation of sub-basin runoff potential using HEC-HMS. Int J Appl Eng Res 10(20):41243–41248
Ahmad I, Verma MK (2016) Site suitability mapping for water storage structures using remote sensing & GIS for Sheonath basin in Chhattisgarh state. Int J Appl Eng Res 11(6):4155–4160
Ahmad I, Verma MK (2017) GIS based analytic hierarchy process in determination of suitable site for water storage Application. Proceedings of the 10th World Congress of EWRA, Panta Rhei on Water Resources and Environment, 5-9 July 2017, Athens, Greece:753–760
Ahmad I, Verma V, Verma MK (2015) Application of curve number method for estimation of runoff potential in GIS environment. 2nd Int Conf Geol Civil Eng IPCBEE 80:16–20
Ahmad SR, Ahmad U, Masood A (2013) Geo-spatial techniques in selection of potential damsite. Pakistan J Sci 65(1):158–166
Bamne Y, Patil KA, Vikhe SD (2014) Selection of appropriate sites for structures of water harvesting in a watershed using remote sensing and GIS. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng 4(11):270–275
Banai-Kashani R (1989) A new method for site suitability analysis: the analytic hierarchy process. Environ Manag 13(6):685–693
Bodin L, Gass SI (2004) Exercises for teaching the analytic hierarchy process. INFORMS Trans Educ 4(2):1–13
Fleming MJ, Doan JH (2009) HEC-GeoHMS geospatial hydrologic modelling extension: user’s manual version 4.2. US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Hydrologic Engineering Centre, Davis, CA
Gavade VV, Patil DR, Palkar JM, Kachare KY (2011) site suitability analysis for surface rainwater harvesting of Madha tahsil, Solapur, Maharashtra: a geoinformatic approach. 12th ESRI India user conference, India
Gosschalk EM (2002) Reservoir engineering: guidelines for practice. Thomas Telford, London
Haas R, Meixner O (2005) An illustrated guide to the analytic hierarchy process. University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
IMSD (1995) Integrated mission for sustainable development: technical guidelines. In: NRSA. Hyderabad, India
Merwade V (2012) Terrain processing and HMS-model development using GeoHMS. Lafayette, Indiana
Mishra SK Babu PS Singh VP (2007) SCS-CN method revisited. In: V.P.Singh, ed. Advances in hydraulics and hydrology. Colorado:Water Resources Publication (WRP), 36 p
Mu E, Rojas MP (2017) Understanding the analytical hierarchy process. Springer Briefs in Operational Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33861-3_2
Nagarajan N, Poongothai S (2012) Spatial mapping of runoff from a watershed using SCS-CN method with remote sensing and GIS. J Hydrol Eng 17:1268–1277
NRCS (2004) Hydrologic soil-cover complexes, national engineering handbook, part 630 hydrology , chapter 9. Washington, DC:United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service
Padmavathy AS, Ganesha RK, Yogarajan N, Thangavel P (1993) Check dam site selection using GIS approach. Adv Space Res 13(11):123–127
Payen J, Faures JM, Vallee D (2012) Small Reservoirs and Water Storage for Smallholder Farming: The Case for a New Approach. AWM Business Proposal Document, AgWater Solutions, International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Prato T, Hajkowicz S (1999) Selection and sustainability of land and water resource management systems. J Am Res Assoc 35(4):739–752
Ramakrishnan D, Bandyopadhyay A, Kusuma KN (2009) SCS-CN and GIS-based approach for identifying potential water harvesting sites in the Kali watershed, Mahi river basin. India J Earth Syst Sci 118(4):355–368
Saaty RW (1987) The analytic hierarchy process - what it s and how it is used. Mathematical Modelling 9(3):161–176
Saaty TL (1980) The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw-Hill, New York
Saaty TL (1995) Decision making for leaders: the analytic hierarchy process for decisions in a complex world, 3d edn. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA
Salih SA, Al-Tarif ASM (2012) Using of GIS spatial analyses to study the selected location for dam reservoir on Wadi Al-Jirnaf, west of Shirqat area. Iraq J Geograph Inform Syst 4:117–127
Schmoldt DL, Peterson DL (1997) Using the AHP in a workshop setting to elicit and prioritize fire research needs. Proc 1997 ACSM/ASPRS Annu Convent Expos 4:151–162
Singh JP, Singh D, Litoria PK (2009) Selection of suitable sites for water harvesting structures in Soankhad watershed, Punjab using remote sensing and geographical information system (RS & GIS) approach – a case study. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 37:21–35
Subramanya K (2013) Engineering hydrology. McGraw-Hill, Delhi, India
Tamgadge DB Gajbhiye KS and Pandey GP (2002) Soil Series of Chhattisgarh State (Vol. 85). National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning in co-operation with Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Chhattisgarh, Raipur
Teknomo K (2006) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Tutorial. http://people.revoledu.com/kardi/tutorial/ahp/
Triantaphyllou E, Mann S (1995) Using the analytic hierarchy process for decision making in engineering applications: some challenges. Int J Industr Eng Appl Pract 2(1):35–44
USGS (2016) ASTER data, http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
Weerasinghe H, Schneider UA, Loew A (2011) Water harvest-and storage-location assessment model using GIS and remote sensing. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 8:3353–3381
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support provides by Chhattisgarh Council of Science & Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India; State Data Centre, Water Resources Department Chhattisgarh Raipur, India; National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) Hyderabad and National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) Nagpur.
A previous shorter version of the paper has been presented in the 10th World Congress of EWRA “Panta Rei” Athens, Greece, 5-9 July 2017.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that: “Conflict of Interest – None”.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmad, I., Verma, M.K. Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Water Resources Planning: A GIS Based Approach in the Identification of Suitable Site for Water Storage. Water Resour Manage 32, 5093–5114 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2135-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2135-x