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Sediment Yield Assessment of a Large Basin using PSIAC Approach in GIS Environment

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Abstract

Reservoirs are the key infrastructure for the socio-economic development of a country. The reservoirs are proven to be a remedial solution of highly erratic spatial and temporal availability of water. The growth in population and consequent developmental activities within a catchment area has shown to aggravate the problem of sedimentation which comprised of erosion, sediment transport and its deposition in these reservoirs. Among all above mentioned, reservoir sediment deposition is most important as it reduces its useful life and impairs the purposes of these vast water resource. The sediment yield has been considered as comprehensive index for assessing sustainability of such resources. The present study investigates the suitability of Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee (PSIAC) model in determining the sediment yield rate for a drainage basin considering nine basin factors in geographical information system (GIS) environment. For the analysis, a large river basin at the foothill of Himalayas in India has been considered as case study. It was realized that the GIS approach made large basin characteristic sampling very easy and efficient for this hilly basin. A regression equation between specific sediment yield and effective model factors was established based on geomorphic features for this basin. It was observed that most of the basin area is falling under moderate to high sediment yielding potential zone, leading to high sediment yield.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Bhakra Beas Management Board for providing data to carry out this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the anonymous reviewers and editors for their valuable reviews and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, Maharashtra, India

    Vaibhav Garg & V. Jothiprakash

  2. Water Resources Division, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4 Kalidas Road, Dehradun, 248 001, Uttarakhand, India

    Vaibhav Garg

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  1. Vaibhav Garg
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Correspondence to Vaibhav Garg.

Appendices

Appendix I

This table shows the important catchment spatial parameters, their classification and scores assigned to each class for developing the PSIAC model (Table 10).

Table 10 The factors of the PSIAC model
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Appendix II: Temporal Maps of Annual Rainfall and Runoff of Satluj River Basin

The following are the classified annual rainfall and runoff thematic maps for all the year under consideration (1994–2003) pertain to Satluj River basin. These were produced on the basis of their influence on erosion. These layers were used to develop spatio-temporal PSIAC model for this basin. The corresponding scores assigned to each class were also provided in figure legend in parenthesis (Fig. 14).

Fig. 14
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a Average rainfall and runoff map of year 1994. b Average rainfall and runoff map of year 1995. c Average rainfall and runoff map of year 1996. d Average rainfall and runoff map of year 1997. e Average rainfall and runoff map of year 1998. f Average rainfall and runoff map of year 1999. g Average rainfall and runoff map of year 2000. h Average rainfall and runoff map of year 2001. i Average rainfall and runoff map of year 2002. j Average rainfall and runoff map of year 2003

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Appendix III: Thematic Layers Produced for Beas River Basin

The following are the thematic maps produced for each PSIAC input parameters pertaining to Beas River basin to develop spatio-temporal PSIAC model. These maps were used to generalise the developed PSIAC model equation for upper hilly basins of sedimentation zone 1 of India (Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24).

Fig. 15
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DEM of Beas river basin

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Fig. 16
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Slope percent map of Beas river basin

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Fig. 17
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Geological map the Beas river basin

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Fig. 18
figure 18

Classified geology map of Beas basin based on surface stoniness

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Fig. 19
figure 19

Landuse/landcover map of Beas basin

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Fig. 20
figure 20

Index map of landuse/landcover for Beas basin

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Fig. 21
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Soil map of Beas basin

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Fig. 22
figure 22

Soil erosion classes of the Beas basin

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Fig. 23
figure 23

Average rainfall and runoff map of year 2004

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Fig. 24
figure 24

Average rainfall and runoff map of year 2005

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Garg, V., Jothiprakash, V. Sediment Yield Assessment of a Large Basin using PSIAC Approach in GIS Environment. Water Resour Manage 26, 799–840 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9945-4

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