Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis and Hardware Architecture Design of Global Motion Estimation

  • Published:
Journal of Signal Processing Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Global motion estimation and compensation (GME/GMC) is an important video processing technique and has been applied to many applications including video segmentation, sprite/mosaic generation, and video coding. In MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP), GME/GMC is adopted to compensate camera motions. Since GME is important, many GME algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms have two common characteristics, huge computation complexity and ultra large memory bandwidth. Hence for realtime applications, a hardware accelerator of GME is required. However, there are many hardware design challenges of GME like irregular memory access and huge memory bandwidth, and only few hardware architectures have been proposed. In this paper, we first analyzed three typical algorithms of GME, and a fast GME algorithm is proposed. By using temporal prediction and skipping the redundant computation, 91% memory bandwidth and 80% iterations are saved, while the performance is kept, compared to Gradient Descent in MPEG-4 Verification Model. Based on our proposed algorithm, a hardware architecture of GME is also presented. A new scheduling, Reference-Based Scheduling, is developed to solve the irregular memory access problem. An interleaved memory arrangement is applied to satisfy the memory access requirement of interpolation. The total gate count of hardware implementation is 131 K with Artisan 0.18 um cell library, and the internal memory size is about 7.9 Kb. Its processing ability is MPEG-4 ASP@L3, which is 352×288 with 30 fps, at 30 MHz.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dufaux, F., & Konrad, J. (2000). Efficient, robust, and fast global motion estimation for video coding. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 9, 497–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Erturk, S. (2003). Digital image stabilization with sub-image phase correlation based global motion estimation. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 49, 1320–1325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hoetter, M. (1989). Differential estimation of the global motion parameters zoom and pan. Signal Processing, 16, 249–265, March.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lu, Y., Gao, W., & Wu, F. (2001). Sprite generation for frame-based video coding. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. on image processing (Vol. 1, pp. 473–476).

  5. Lu, Y., Ga, W., & Wu, F. (2002). Automatic video segmentation using a novel background model. In Proc. of IEEE int. symp. on circuits syst. (Vol. 3, pp. 807–810), May.

  6. ISO/IEC (2001). Text of ISO/IEC 15938-3/FCD information technology – multimedia content description interface - part 3 visual. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG11 N4062.

  7. Manjunath, B. S., Salembier, P., & Sikora, T. (2002). Introduction to MPEG-7. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Smolic, A., Sikora, T., & Ohm, J.-R. (1999). Long-term global motion estimation and its application for sprite coding, content description, and segmentation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 9(8), 1227–1242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Irani, M., Anandan, P., & Hsu, S. (1995). Mosaic based representations of video sequences and their applications. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. on comput. vision (pp. 605–611).

  10. Chien, S.-Y., Chen, C.-Y., Chao, W.-M., Hsu, C.-W., Huang, Y. W., & Chen, L.-G. (2002). A fast and high subjective quality sprite generation algorithm with frame skipping and multiple sprites techniques. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. on image processing (Vol. 1, pp. 193–196).

  11. Lu, Y., Gao, W., & Wu, F. (2003). Efficient background video coding with static sprite generation and arbitrary-shape spatial prediction techniques. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 13(8), 394–405, May.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chen, C.-Y., Chien, S.-Y., Chen, Y.-H., Huang, Y.-W., & Chen, L.-G. (2003). Unsupervised object-based sprite coding system for tennis sport. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. multimedia expo (Vol. 1, pp. 337–340).

  13. ISO/IEC (1999). Information technology – coding of audio-visual objects – part 2: visual. ISO/IEC 14496-2.

  14. Dufaux, F. (1996). Results for video coding using dynamic sprite (core experiment N3). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 M1458.

  15. Steinbach, E., Wiegand, T., & Girod, B. (1999). Using multiple global motion models for improved block-based video coding. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. on image processing (Vol. 2, pp. 56–60).

  16. Keller, Y., & Averbuch, A. (2003). Fast gradient methods based on global motion estimation for video compression. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 13(8), 300–309.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Stolberg, H.-J., Berekovic, M., Pirsch, P., & Runge, H. (2002). The MPEG-4 advanced simple profile - a complexity study. In Proc. of 2002 workshop and exhibition on MPEG-4 (pp. 33–36).

  18. Fu, M.-F., Au, O., & Chan, W.-C. (2003). Fast global motion estimation based on local motion segmentation. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. on image processing (Vol. 3, pp. 367–370).

  19. Moscheni, F., Dufaux, F., & Kunt, M. (1995). A new two-stage global/local motion estimation based on a background/foreground segmentation. In Proc. of IEEE int. conf. on acoust., speech, and signal processing (pp. 2261–2264).

  20. Kim, E. T., & Kim, H.-M. (1998). Fast and robust parameter estimation method for global motion compensation in the video coder. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 45(1), 76–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. MPEG Video Group (2001). The MPEG-4 video standard verification model version 18.0. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG11 N3908.

  22. Wu, S. F., & Kittler, J. (1990). A differential method for simultaneous estimation of rotation, change of scale and translation. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 2(1), 69–80, May.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Adolph, D., & Buschmann, R. (1991). 1.15Mbit/s coding of video signals including global motion compensation. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 3(2–3), 259–274, June.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chan, W.-C., Au, O., & Fu, M.-F. (2002). A novel predictive global motion estimation for video coding. In Proc. of IEEE int. symp. on circuits syst. (Vol. 3, pp. 5–8), May.

  25. Berekovic, M., Stolberg, H.-J., & Pirsch, P. (2002). Multicore system-on-chip architecture for MPEG-4 streaming video. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 12(8), 688–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Irani, M., & Peleg, S. (1993). Motion analysis for image enhancement: Resolution, occulusion and transparency. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 4(4), 324–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Badawy, W., & Bayoumi, M. (2002) A multiplication-free algorithm and a parallel architecture for affine transformation. Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 31(2), 173–184, June.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Marquardt, D. W. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 11, 431–441.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen, C.-Y., Chien, S.-Y., Chao, W.-M., Huang, Y.-W., & Chen, L.-G. (2004). Hardware architecture for global motion estimation for MPEG-4 advanced simple profile. In Proc. of IEEE int. symp. on circuit and system (Vol. 2, pp. 23–26), May.

  30. Richter, H., Smolic, A., Stabernack, B., & Muller, E. (2001). Real time global motion estimation for an MPEG-4 video encoder. In Proceedings of picture coding symposium (pp. 25–27).

  31. Chien, S.-Y., Chen, C.-Y., Chao, W.-M., Huang, Y.-W., & Chen, L.-G. (2003). Analysis and hardware architecture for global motion estimation in MPEG-4 advanced simple profile. In Proc. of int. symp. on circuits syst. (Vol. 2, pp. 720–723), May.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DSP/IC Design Lab., Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yi-Hau Chen, Shao-Yi Chien, Ching-Yeh Chen, Yu-Wen Huang & Liang-Gee Chen

  2. Room 540, Department of Electrical Engineering II, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Shao-Yi Chien

Authors
  1. Yi-Hau Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shao-Yi Chien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ching-Yeh Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yu-Wen Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Liang-Gee Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shao-Yi Chien.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, YH., Chien, SY., Chen, CY. et al. Analysis and Hardware Architecture Design of Global Motion Estimation. J Sign Process Syst Sign Image Video Technol 53, 285–300 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0169-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0169-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation