Abstract
Multi-viewpoint image stitching aims to stitch images taken from different viewpoints into pictures with a broader field of view. The stitched images are subject to artifacts, geometric distortion, and blur distortion due to the mismatch of feature points, inaccurate homography estimation, and improper fusion of the unstitched images. Deep learning has recently been increasingly applied to multi-viewpoint image stitching to overcome these problems. However, there has thus far been little related research to summarize the different deep learning techniques used for multi-viewpoint image stitching. Therefore, this review aims to explore the application of deep learning to multi-viewpoint image stitching. To better illustrate this topic, we first summarize the acquisition methods for multi-viewpoint images and the main challenges of image stitching. After which, deep learning techniques for multi-view image stitching with a single camera are sorted out. Subsequently, deep learning techniques for multi-view image stitching with camera arrays, including parallel-view multi-view image stitching and cross-view multi-view image stitching, are presented. Next, we summarize image stitching datasets, evaluation metrics, and experimental data of several leading stitching algorithms on public datasets. Finally, we discuss potential issues and future work on image stitching with multi-viewpoint images.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Laraqui A, Baataoui A, Saaidi A, Jarrar A, Masrar M, Satori K (2017) Image mosaicing using voronoi diagram. Multimed Tools Appl 76(6):8803–8829
Ali I, Suominen OJ, Morales ER, Gotchev A (2020) Multi-view camera pose estimation for robotic arm manipulation. IEEE Access 8:174305–174316
Ding Y, Li F, Ji Y, Yu J (2011) Dynamic fluid surface acquisition using a camera array. In: 2011 International conference on computer vision (pp 2478–2485). IEEE
Sabater N, Boisson G, Vandame B, Kerbiriou P, Babon F, Hog M et al (2017) Dataset and pipeline for multi-view light-field video. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops (pp 30–40)
Nie L, Lin C, Liao K, Liu S, Zhao Y (2021) Unsupervised deep image stitching: reconstructing stitched features to images. IEEE Trans Image Process 30:6184–6197
DeTone D, Malisiewicz T, Rabinovich A (2016) Deep image homography estimation. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1606.03798.
Nguyen T, Chen SW, Shivakumar SS, Taylor CJ, Kumar V (2018) Unsupervised deep homography: a fast and robust homography estimation model. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 3(3):2346–2353
Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2014) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1409.1556
Ye N, Wang C, Fan H, Liu S (2021) Motion basis learning for unsupervised deep homography estimation with subspace projection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision (pp 13117–13125)
Niblick D, Kak A (2020) Homography estimation with convolutional neural networks under conditions of variance. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2010.01041.
Wu H, Zheng S, Zhang J, Huang K (2019) Gp-gan: towards realistic high-resolution image blending. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on multimedia (pp 2487–2495)
Lai WS, Gallo O, Gu J, Sun D, Yang MH, Kautz J (2019) Video stitching for linear camera arrays. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1907.13622
Sheng M, Tang S, Cui Z, Wu W, Wan L (2020) A joint framework for underwater sequence images stitching based on deep neural network convolutional neural network. Int J Adv Rob Syst 17(2):1729881420915062
Jin, S., Liu, R., Ji, Y., Ye, J., Yu, J. (2018). Learning to dodge a bullet: Concyclic view morphing via deep learning. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV) (pp 218–233)
Fotouhi J, Liu X, Armand M, Navab N, Unberath M (2021) Reconstruction of orthographic mosaics from perspective X-ray images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 40(11):3165–3177
Zhu A, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhou Y (2021) Pedestrian-aware panoramic video stitching based on a structured camera array. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl TOMM 17(4):1–24
Cheng H, Xu C, Wang J, Zhao L (2022) Quad-fisheye image stitching for monoscopic panorama reconstruction. Comput Graph Forum. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14512
Perazzi F, Sorkine-Hornung A, Zimmer H, Kaufmann P, Wang O, Watson S, Gross M (2015) Panoramic video from unstructured camera arrays. Comput Graph Forum 34(2):57–68
Yuan X, Ji M, Wu J, Brady DJ, Dai Q, Fang L (2021) A modular hierarchical array camera. Light Sci Appl 10(1):1–9
Zhao Q, Ma Y, Zhu C, Yao C, Feng B, Dai F (2021) Image stitching via deep homography estimation. Neurocomputing 450:219–229
Yu F, Koltun V, Funkhouser T (2017) Dilated residual networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 472–480)
Nie L, Lin C, Liao K, Liu M, Zhao Y (2020) A view-free image stitching network based on global homography. J Vis Commun Image Represent 73:102950
Dai Q, Fang F, Li J, Zhang G, Zhou A (2021) Edge-guided composition network for image stitching. Pattern Recogn 118:108019
Xie S, Tu Z (2015) Holistically-nested edge detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (pp 1395–1403)
Nie L, Lin C, Liao K, Zhao Y (2020) Learning edge-preserved image stitching from large-baseline deep homography. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2012.06194
Kweon H, Kim H, Kang Y, Yoon Y, Jeong W, Yoon KJ (2021) Pixel-wise deep image stitching. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2112.06171
Ilg E, Mayer N, Saikia T, Keuper M, Dosovitskiy A, Brox T (2017). Flownet 2.0: Evolution of optical flow estimation with deep networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 2462–2470)
Teed Z, Deng J (2020) Raft: Recurrent all-pairs field transforms for optical flow. In: Vedaldi A, Bischof H, Brox T, Frahm JM (eds) European conference on computer vision. Springer, Cham, pp 402–419
Nie L, Lin C, Liao K, Liu S, Zhao Y (2022) Deep rectangling for image stitching: a learning baseline. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 5740–5748)
Smith SM, Brady JM (1997) Susan: a new approach to low level image processing. Int J Comput Vision 23(1):45–78
Trajkovic M, Hedley M (1998) Fast corner detection. Image Vis Comput 16(2):75–87
Tian Y, Balntas V, Ng T, Barroso-Laguna A, Demiris Y, Mikolajczyk K (2020) D2d: Keypoint extraction with describe to detect approach. In: Proceedings of the Asian conference on computer vision
Verdie Y, Yi K, Fua P, Lepetit V (2015) Tilde: a temporally invariant learned detector. Learning Covariant Feature Detectors
Lenc K, Vedaldi A (2016) Learning covariant feature detectors. In: European conference on computer vision (pp 100–117). Springer, Cham
Zhang X, Yu FX, Karaman S, Chang SF (2017) Learning discriminative and transformation covariant local feature detectors. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 6818–6826)
Doiphode N, Mitra R, Ahmed S, Jain A (2018) An improved learning framework for covariant local feature detection. In: Asian conference on computer vision (pp 262–276). Springer, Cham
Hoffer E, Ailon N (2015) Deep metric learning using triplet network. In: International workshop on similarity-based pattern recognition (pp 84–92). Springer, Cham
Mishkin D, Radenovic F, Matas J (2018) Repeatability is not enough: learning affine regions via discriminability. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV) (pp 284–300)
Barroso-Laguna A, Riba E, Ponsa D, Mikolajczyk K (2019) Key.net: keypoint detection by handcrafted and learned CNN filters. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 5836–5844
Altwaijry H, Veit A, Belongie SJ, Tech C (2016) Learning to detect and match keypoints with deep architectures. In BMVC
Savinov N, Seki A, Ladicky L, Sattler T, Pollefeys M (2017) Quad-networks: unsupervised learning to rank for interest point detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 1822–1830)
Zhang L, Rusinkiewicz S (2018) Learning to detect features in texture images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 6325–6333)
Zagoruyko S, Komodakis N (2015) Learning to compare image patches via convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 4353–4361)
Han X, Leung T, Jia Y, Sukthankar R, Berg AC (2015) Matchnet: Unifying feature and metric learning for patch-based matching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 3279–3286)
Bay H, Tuytelaars T, Van Gool L (2006) Surf: speeded up robust features. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision, pp 404–417
Simo-Serra E, Trulls E, Ferraz L, Kokkinos I, Fua P, Moreno-Noguer F (2015) Discriminative learning of deep convolutional feature point descriptors. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (pp 118–126)
Dosovitskiy A, Springenberg JT, Riedmiller M, Brox T (2014) Discriminative unsupervised feature learning with convolutional neural networks. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst, 27
Masci J, Migliore D, Bronstein MM, Schmidhuber J (2014) Descriptor learning for omnidirectional image matching. In: Registration and recognition in images and videos (pp 49–62). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Kumar BGV, Carneiro G, Reid I (2016) Learning local image descriptors with deep siamese and triplet convolutional networks by minimising global loss functions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 5385–5394)
Balntas V, Johns E, Tang L, Mikolajczyk K (2016) PN-Net: conjoined triple deep network for learning local image descriptors. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1601.05030
Balntas V, Riba E, Ponsa D, Mikolajczyk K (2016) Learning local feature descriptors with triplets and shallow convolutional neural networks. In Bmvc (Vol 1, No 2, p 3)
Tian Y, Fan B, Wu F (2017) L2-net: Deep learning of discriminative patch descriptor in euclidean space. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 661–669)
Mishchuk A, Mishkin D, Radenovic F, Matas J (2017) Working hard to know your neighbor's margins: Local descriptor learning loss. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst, 30
Luo Z, Shen T, Zhou L et al (2018) Geodesc: learning local descriptors by integrating geometry constraints. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV) (pp 168–183)
Tian Y, Yu X, Fan B, Wu F, Heijnen H, Balntas V (2019) Sosnet: Second order similarity regularization for local descriptor learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 11016–11025)
Ebel P, Mishchuk A, Yi KM, Fua P, Trulls E (2019) Beyond cartesian representations for local descriptors. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision (pp 253–262)
Chen PH, Luo ZX, Huang ZK, Yang C, Chen KW (2020) IF-Net: an illumination-invariant feature network. In: 2020 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA) (pp 8630–8636). IEEE
Keller M, Chen Z, Maffra F, Schmuck P, Chli M (2018) Learning deep descriptors with scale-aware triplet networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 2762–2770)
He K, Lu Y, Sclaroff S (2018) Local descriptors optimized for average precision. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 596–605)
Zhou Q, Sattler T, Leal-Taixe L (2021) Patch2pix: epipolar-guided pixel-level correspondences. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 4669–4678)
Rocco I, Cimpoi M, Arandjelovi ́c R, Torii A, Pajdla T, Sivic J (2018) Neighbourhood consensus networks. In: NeurIPS (pp 1651–1662)
Yao G, Yilmaz A, Zhang L, Meng F, Ai H, Jin F (2021) Matching large baseline oblique stereo images using an end-to-end convolutional Neural network. Remote Sensing 13(2):274
Yi KM, Trulls E, Lepetit V, Fua P (2016) Lift: learned invariant feature transform. In: European conference on computer vision (pp 467–483). Springer, Cham
DeTone D, Malisiewicz T, Rabinovich A (2018) Superpoint: self-supervised interest point detection and description. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (pp 224–236)
Li H, Li F (2013) Image encode method based on ifs with probabilities applying in image retrieval. In: 2013 Fourth global congress on intelligent systems (pp 291–295). IEEE
Lie WN, Gao ZW (2006) Video error concealment by integrating greedy suboptimization and Kalman filtering techniques. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16(8):982–992
Christiansen PH, Kragh MF, Brodskiy Y, Karstoft H (2019) Unsuperpoint: end-to-end unsupervised interest point detector and descriptor. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1907.04011
Revaud J, Weinzaepfel P, De Souza C, Pion N, Csurka G, Cabon Y, Humenberger M (2019) R2D2: repeatable and reliable detector and descriptor. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1906.06195
Sarlin PE, DeTone D, Malisiewicz T, Rabinovich A (2020) Superglue: learning feature matching with graph neural networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 4938–4947)
Ono Y, Trulls E, Fua P, Yi KM (2018) LF-Net: Learning local features from images. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst, 31
Sarlin PE, Cadena C, Siegwart R, Dymczyk M (2019). From coarse to fine: robust hierarchical localization at large scale. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 12716–12725)
Wang Q, Zhang J, Yang K, Peng K, Stiefelhagen R (2022) MatchFormer: interleaving attention in transformers for feature matching. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2203.09645
Zhao X, Wu X, Miao J, Chen W, Chen PC, Li Z (2022) ALIKE: accurate and lightweight keypoint detection and descriptor extraction. IEEE Trans Multimed. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2022.3155927
Noh H, Araujo A, Sim J, Weyand T, Han B (2017) Large-scale image retrieval with attentive deep local features. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (pp 3456–3465).
Dusmanu M, Rocco I, Pajdla T, Pollefeys M, Sivic J, Torii A, Sattler T (2019) D2-net: a trainable cnn for joint description and detection of local features. In Proceedings of the Ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 8092–8101)
Luo Z, Zhou L, Bai X et al (2020) Aslfeat: learning local features of accurate shape and localization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 6589–6598)
Yang TY, Nguyen DK, Heijnen H, Balntas V (2020) Ur2kid: unifying retrieval, keypoint detection, and keypoint description without local correspondence supervision. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2001.07252.
Tyszkiewicz M, Fua P, Trulls E (2020) DISK: learning local features with policy gradient. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 33:14254–14265
Erlik Nowruzi F, Laganiere R, Japkowicz N (2017) Homography estimation from image pairs with hierarchical convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision workshops (pp 913–920)
Chang CH, Chou CN, Chang EY (2017) Clkn: Cascaded lucas-kanade networks for image alignment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 2213–2221)
Zhang J, Wang C, Liu S et al. (2020) Content-aware unsupervised deep homography estimation. In: European conference on computer vision (pp 653–669). Springer, Cham
Zeng R, Denman S, Sridharan S, Fookes C (2018). Rethinking planar homography estimation using perspective fields. In: Asian conference on computer vision (pp 571–586). Springer, Cham
Zhou Q, Li X (2019) Stn-homography: direct estimation of homography parameters for image pairs. Appl Sci 9(23):5187
Wang C, Wang X, Bai X, Liu Y, Zhou J (2019) Self-supervised deep homography estimation with invertibility constraints. Pattern Recogn Lett 128:355–360
Nie L, Lin C, Liao K, Liu S, Zhao Y (2021) Depth-aware multi-grid deep homography estimation with contextual correlation. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2107.02524
Koguciuk D, Arani E, Zonooz B (2021) Perceptual loss for robust unsupervised homography estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 4274–4283)
Zhao Y, Huang X, Zhang Z (2021) Deep lucas-kanade homography for multimodal image alignment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 15950–15959)
Le H, Liu F, Zhang S, Agarwala A (2020) Deep homography estimation for dynamic scenes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp 7652–7661).
Shao R, Wu G, Zhou Y, Fu Y, Fang L, Liu Y (2021) Localtrans: a multiscale local transformer network for cross-resolution homography estimation. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision (pp 14890–14899)
Zhang L, Wen T, Shi J (2020) Deep image blending. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision (pp 231–240)
Zheng C, Xia S, Robinson J, Lu C, Wu W, Qian C, Shao M (2020) Localin Reshuffle net: toward naturally and efficiently facial image blending. In: Proceedings of the Asian conference on computer vision
Burt PJ, Adelson EH (1983) A multiresolution spline with application to image mosaics. ACM Trans Graph (TOG) 2(4):217–236
Zhang H, Zhang J, Perazzi F, Lin Z, Patel VM (2021) Deep image compositing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision (pp 365–374).
Lu CN, Chang YC, Chiu WC (2021) Bridging the visual gap: wide-range image blending. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 843–851). https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.00090
Yu J, Lin Z, Yang J, Shen X, Lu X, Huang TS (2018) Generative image inpainting with contextual attention. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 5505–5514)
Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M et al (2020) Generative adversarial networks. Commun ACM 63(11):139–144
Nazeri K, Ng E, Joseph T, Qureshi FZ, Ebrahimi M (2019) Edgeconnect: generative image inpainting with adversarial edge learning. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1901.00212
Xiong W, Yu J, Lin Z, Yang J, Lu X, Barnes C, Luo J (2019) Foreground-aware image inpainting. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 5840–5848)
Ren Y, Yu X, Zhang R, Li TH, Liu S, Li G (2019) Structureflow: Image inpainting via structure-aware appearance flow. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision (pp 181–190)
Li J, He F, Zhang L, Du B, Tao D (2019) Progressive reconstruction of visual structure for image inpainting. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision (pp 5962–5971)
Song Y, Yang C, Shen Y, Wang P, Huang Q, Kuo CCJ (2018) Spg-net: Segmentation prediction and guidance network for image inpainting. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1805.03356
Liao L, Xiao J, Wang Z, Lin CW, Satoh SI (2020) Guidance and evaluation: semantic-aware image inpainting for mixed scenes. In: European conference on computer vision (pp 683–700). Springer, Cham
Liao L, Xiao J, Wang Z, Lin CW, Satoh SI (2021) Image inpainting guided by coherence priors of semantics and textures. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 6539–6548)
Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhu J, Tai Y, Ni B, Yang X (2021) Fully context-aware image inpainting with a learned semantic pyramid. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2112.04107
Wang L, Yu W, Li B (2020) Multi-scenes image stitching based on autonomous driving. In 2020 IEEE 4th information technology, networking, electronic and automation control conference (ITNEC) (Vol 1, pp 694–698). IEEE
Sumantri JS, Park IK (2020) 360 Panorama synthesis from a sparse set of images with unknown field of view. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision (pp 2386–2395)
Li J, Zhao Y, Ye W, Yu K, Ge S (2019) Attentive deep stitching and quality assessment for 360° omnidirectional images. IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process 14(1):209–221
Kang L, Wei Y, Jiang J, Xie Y (2019) Robust cylindrical panorama stitching for low-texture scenes based on image alignment using deep learning and iterative optimization. Sensors 19(23):5310
Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T (2015) U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention (pp 234–241). Springer, Cham
Gupta R, Hartley RI (1997) Linear pushbroom cameras. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(9):963–975
Lin TY, Maire M, Belongie S, Hays J, Perona P, Ramanan D et al (2014) Microsoft coco: Common objects in context. In European conference on computer vision (pp 740–755). Springer, Cham
Armeni I, Sax S, Zamir AR, Savarese S (2017) Joint 2d-3d-semantic data for indoor scene understanding. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1702.01105
Gao J, Li Y, Chin TJ, Brown MS (2013) Seam-driven image stitching. In: Eurographics (Short Papers) (pp 45–48)
Lin K, Jiang N, Cheong LF, Do M, Lu J (2016) Seagull: Seam-guided local alignment for parallax-tolerant image stitching. In: Leibe B, Matas J, Sebe N, Welling M (eds) European conference on computer vision. Springer, Cham, pp 370–385
Li N, Liao T, Wang C (2018) Perception-based seam cutting for image stitching. SIViP 12(5):967–974
Unberath M, Zaech JN, Lee SC, Bier B, Fotouhi J, Armand M, Navab N (2018) DeepDRR–a catalyst for machine learning in fluoroscopy-guided procedures. In: Frangi AF, Schnabel JA, Davatzikos C, Alberola-López C, Fichtinger G (eds) International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention. Springer, Cham, pp 98–106
Unberath M, Zaech JN, Gao C, Bier B, Goldmann F, Lee SC et al (2019) Enabling machine learning in X-ray-based procedures via realistic simulation of image formation. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 14(9):1517–1528
Dosovitskiy A, Ros G, Codevilla F, Lopez A, Koltun V (2017). CARLA: an open urban driving simulator. In Conference on robot learning (pp 1–16). PMLR
Li J, Yu K, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xu L (2019) Cross-reference stitching quality assessment for 360 omnidirectional images. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on multimedia (pp 2360–2368).
Varol G, Romero J, Martin X, Mahmood N, Black MJ, Laptev I, Schmid C (2017) Learning from synthetic humans. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp 109–117)
Loper M, Mahmood N, Romero J, Pons-Moll G, Black MJ (2015) SMPL: a skinned multi-person linear model. ACM Trans Graph (TOG) 34(6):1–16
Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(4):600–612
Yang L, Tan Z, Huang Z, Cheung G (2017) A content-aware metric for stitched panoramic image quality assessment. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision workshops (pp 2487–2494)
Li J, Yu K, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xu L (2019) Cross-reference stitching quality assessment for 360 omnidirectional images. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on multimedia (pp 2360–2368)
Yu K, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xu L (2019) Image quality assessment for omnidirectional cross-reference stitching. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1904.04960
Yan W, Yue G, Fang Y, Chen H, Tang C, Jiang G (2020) Perceptual objective quality assessment of stereoscopic stitched images. Signal Process 172:107541
Yu S, Li T, Xu X, Tao H, Yu L, Wang Y (2019) NRQQA: A no-reference quantitative quality assessment method for stitched images. In: Proceedings of the ACM multimedia Asia (pp. 1–6). 118
Ullah H, Irfan M, Han K, Lee JW (2020) DLNR-SIQA: deep learning-based No-reference stitched image quality assessment. Sensors 20(22):6457
Tian C, Chai X, Shao F (2021) Stitched image quality assessment based on local measurement errors and global statistical properties. J Vis Commun Image Represent 81:103324
Dusmanu M, Rocco I, Pajdla T, Pollefeys M, Sivic J, Torii A, Sattler T (2019) D2-net: a trainable CNN for joint detection and description of local features. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1905.03561
Po LM, Liu M, Yuen WY, Li Y, Xu X, Zhou C et al (2019) A novel patch variance biased convolutional neural network for no-reference image quality assessment. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 29(4):1223–1229
Bosse S, Maniry D, Müller KR, Wiegand T, Samek W (2017) Deep neural networks for no-reference and full-reference image quality assessment. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(1):206–219
Zhang Y, Mei X, Ma Y, Jiang X, Peng Z, Huang J (2022) Hyperspectral panoramic image stitching using robust matching and adaptive bundle adjustment. Remote Sensing 14(16):4038
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Analysis and feature recognition on feeding behavior of fish school in facility farming based on machine vision” (No. 62076244), in part by the Beijing Digital Agriculture Innovation Consortium Project (BAIC10-2022), and in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Intelligent identification method of underwater fish morphological characteristics based on the binocular vision” (No. 62206021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Ni Yan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Yupeng Mei: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing - review & editing. Ling Xu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Huihui Yu: Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Boyang Sun: Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Zimao Wang: Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Yingyi Chen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yan, N., Mei, Y., Xu, L. et al. Deep Learning on Image Stitching With Multi-viewpoint Images: A Survey. Neural Process Lett 55, 3863–3898 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-023-11226-z
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-023-11226-z