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Journey of begomovirus betasatellite molecules: from satellites to indispensable partners

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Abstract

Betasatellites are a group of circular, single-stranded DNA molecules that are frequently found to be associated with monopartite begomoviruses of the family Geminiviridae. Betasatellites require their helper viruses for replication, movement, and encapsidation and they are often essential for induction of typical disease symptoms. The βC1 protein encoded by betasatellites is multifunctional that participates in diverse cellular events. It interferes with several cellular processes like normal development, chloroplasts, and innate immune system of plants. Recent research has indicated βC1 protein interaction with cellular proteins and its involvement in modulation of the host’s cell cycle and symptom determination. This article focuses on the functional mechanisms of βC1 and its interactions with other viral and host proteins.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to virology lab members for their help in writing the review paper. The authors are also thankful to Sara Shakir for her suggestions to improve the review paper.

Funding

The corresponding author is funded by Higher Education commission of Pakistan, with Project No 1682 and 6427 in virology lab, University of agriculture Faisalabad.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mubin, Sehrish Ijaz, Muhammad Hassan & Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman

  2. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Nazia Nahid

  3. Laser Matter Interaction and Nano-sciences Lab, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Ayesha Younus

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Javaria Qazi

Authors
  1. Muhammad Mubin
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  2. Sehrish Ijaz
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  3. Nazia Nahid
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  4. Muhammad Hassan
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  5. Ayesha Younus
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  6. Javaria Qazi
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  7. Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman
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Contributions

MM and SI reviewed the literature and helped in writing the paper. NN, MH, AY, and JQ wrote the paper. MSN conceived the idea and finalized the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman.

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Conflict of interest

We declare no conflict of interest in publication of this review paper. The higher education commission of Pakistan has no role in writing of this manuscript.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

The review presented here does not involve any human or animal data.

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Edited by Seung-Kook Choi.

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Mubin, M., Ijaz, S., Nahid, N. et al. Journey of begomovirus betasatellite molecules: from satellites to indispensable partners. Virus Genes 56, 16–26 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01716-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01716-5

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