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Chicken anemia virus in northern Vietnam: molecular characterization reveals multiple genotypes and evidence of recombination

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Abstract

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) has a ubiquitous and worldwide distribution in the chicken production industry. Our group previously reported a high seroprevalence of CAV in chickens from northern Vietnam. In the present study, tissue samples collected from a total of 330 broiler and breeder commercial chickens in eleven provinces of northern Vietnam were tested for CAV infection. All samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased birds. The CAV genome was detected in 157 out of 330 (47.58%) chicken samples by real-time PCR. The rate of CAV genome detection in young chickens at 2–3 weeks of age (61.43%), which had not been previously reported in Vietnam, was significantly higher than that in older chickens at 4–11 (44.83%) and 12–28 (35.71%) weeks of age. For nine representative CAV strains from broiler chickens, analysis of the entire protein-coding region of the viral genome was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene indicated that the CAVs circulating in northern Vietnam were divided into three distinct genotypes: II, III, and V. Only one of the nine Vietnamese CAV strains clustered with a vaccine strain (Del-Ros), whereas the other eight strains did not cluster with any vaccine strains. Among the three genotypes, genotype III was most widely found in northern Vietnam and this included three sub-genotypes (IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc). The Vietnamese CAV strains were closely related to the Chinese, Taiwanese, and USA strains. One strain was defined to be of genotype V, which is a newly reported CAV genotype. Moreover, recombination analysis suggests that this novel genotype V was generated by recombination between genotype II and sub-genotype IIIc.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ms. Sachiko Matsuda from the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, for her excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan

    Hieu Van Dong, Giang Thi Huong Tran, Tung Duy Dao, Haruko Ogawa & Kunitoshi Imai

  2. United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan

    Hieu Van Dong, Giang Thi Huong Tran & Haruko Ogawa

  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Hieu Van Dong, Giang Thi Huong Tran, Giap Van Nguyen & Le Thi My Huynh

  4. National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tung Duy Dao & Vuong Nghia Bui

  5. Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan

    Yohei Takeda

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  1. Hieu Van Dong
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Contributions

HVD, HO, LTMH, and KI designed the research. HDV, GTHT, and TDD performed the research. GVN, VNB, and LHTM contributed to sample collection. HVD, YT, and HO wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Haruko Ogawa.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

This article does not contain any studies with human participants. Collection of chicken tissue samples was conducted by Vietnam National University of Agriculture under the institutional approval, and permission from the owners of chickens.

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Edited by William Dundon.

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Van Dong, H., Tran, G.T.H., Van Nguyen, G. et al. Chicken anemia virus in northern Vietnam: molecular characterization reveals multiple genotypes and evidence of recombination. Virus Genes 55, 643–653 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01686-8

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