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Molecular diversity among viroids infecting chrysanthemum in India

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Abstract

Association of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) with the Chrysanthemum plants exhibiting severe stunting, distinct yellow leaf mottling, and chlorosis was detected in the main chrysanthemum-growing regions of India. Sequence analysis of 90 cDNA clones obtained for CSVd and CChMVd, representing the chrysanthemum-growing regions of India, revealed the high degree of sequence variation throughout the genome under natural conditions. Additionally, all the analyzed CChMVd clones revealed the presence of UUUC in the tetraloop, a signature of symptomatic variants in susceptible cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Indian CSVd is closely related to European isolates from ornamentals, whereas CChMVd clustered along with the isolates reported from the East Asian countries.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant No. 24405026 and 24380026. Adkar-Purushothama C.R. received visiting scientist research grant from JSS Vidyapeeta, Mysore India and Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences postdoctoral fellowship for foreign researchers.

Author contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: APCR, CG, PRK, SMY, MPK, NPMN, ST. Analyzed the data: APCR, SMY, MPK, NPMN, ST. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMY, MPK, NPMN, ST. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: APCR, CG, PRK, SMY, MPK, NPMN, ST.

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Author notes

  1. C. R. Adkar-Purushothama

    Present address: Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Aomori, Japan

    C. R. Adkar-Purushothama & T. Sano

  2. Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 570 006, India

    C. R. Adkar-Purushothama & M. N. Nagendra Prasad

  3. Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 570 006, India

    G. Chennappa, K. Poornachandra Rao & M. Y. Sreenivasa

  4. Department of Microbiology, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570 005, Karnataka, India

    P. K. Maheshwar

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  1. C. R. Adkar-Purushothama
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Correspondence to C. R. Adkar-Purushothama or T. Sano.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Edited by Thomas Hohn.

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Adkar-Purushothama, C.R., Chennappa, G., Poornachandra Rao, K. et al. Molecular diversity among viroids infecting chrysanthemum in India. Virus Genes 53, 636–642 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-017-1468-5

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